BIM竣工模型資訊與資產識別碼自動化建置之研究

近年來資訊化的興起，建築資訊模型(Building Information Modeling, BIM)在營建工程界蓬勃發展，運用於建築生命周期(Building Life Cycle, BLC)營運階段的營運管理平台(Facility Management System, FMS)也開始受到產官學界的重視。 FMS功能的開發與BLC竣工階段BIM模型資訊的正確性與完整性有緊密的關係，若無法達到有效的資訊交換與詳實記載，進而產生竣工資訊缺漏或錯誤的情況，將在後續營運階段與FMS陸續浮上檯面。因此為了使BIM模型能夠在營運維護階段順利運用，BIM竣工模型(as-built model)就必須確保設施設備相關資訊詳實記載於模型，奠定後續營運維護階段FMS的基礎。在2007年美國陸軍工兵單位發布施工營運建築資訊交換標準(Construction Operations Building Information Exchange, COBie)為資訊交換與蒐集的標準模式，能夠滿足竣工交付於營運單位，對於設施資訊的需求，目前已被國際間廣泛使用。許多營建專案被要求在竣工階段交付一份資訊完整的BIM竣工模型給業主，然而在施工過程中業主選用的設施設備經常會有異動或更改，並且竣工階段面臨結案的時間壓力，更是縮短BIM的建模時間，導致竣工BIM模型發生設備資料不完整或與現實建築物不一致等問題，因此降低BIM後續運用於FMS的價值。另一方面，BIM竣工模型中的設備元件若各自擁有資產識別碼(Asset Identification Code, AIC)，將有利於BIM竣工模型導入FMS及設施維護管理人員的使用與溝通，然而模型中設備元件多達數萬個，難以手動方式逐一輸入參數，因此透過自動化程式編制資產識別碼有其必要性。本研究以BIM竣工模型、視覺化程式設計語言(Visual Programming Language , VPL)及COBie電子資料庫進行研究。為了使BIM竣工模型完整記載設備資訊，順利應用於營運維護階段的FMS，本研究以COBie為概念，使用Dynamo編寫「竣工模型資訊自動化系統」，增進BIM竣工模型寫入、檢核與修正設備資訊的效率。此外本研究亦使用Dynamo編寫「資產識別碼自動化系統」，能夠自動產生模型中各個設備元件的AIC並匯出清單，提供BIM一個便捷的AIC建置方式。本研究透過某宿舍新建案作為實際案例(以下簡稱本案例)驗證可行性，並分析比較手動與自動化之差異，本研究請BIM從業人員實測單一元件以傳統手動輸入元件設備資訊之耗時，推估出本案例以傳統手動操作，大約需要2687分鐘的作業時間，而使用本研究開發之「竣工模型資訊自動化系統」僅耗費5分鐘的操作與程式執行時間，效率差異500倍以上，並提供更加便捷的參數資訊檢核與修正的方式；透過程式以COBie格式匯出BIM的參數資料，修正後可直接透過本系統，將修正後的COBie資料庫資訊導回BIM模型。實際案例經驗證明本系統能夠增進建模效率，有效降低建模的人力成本與人為失誤。另一方面，為了有利於模型導入後續的FMS，本案例模型必須建置設備元件的資產識別碼，「資產識別碼自動化系統」順利執行並在該模型中產生30820個資產識別碼，程式執行時間合計為16分鐘，由於數量龐大，難以使用手動方式建置，因此利用自動化程式建置有其必要性，程式建置完成後，再使用程式以Excel檔案格式匯出資產識別碼清單提供檢閱。實際案例經驗證明「資產識別碼自動化系統」能夠達成資產識別碼的自動化寫入模型及匯出清單，協助FMS使用BIM，提供後續營運維護人員使用與溝通。

關鍵字

建築資訊模型；施工營運建築資訊交換標準；視覺化程式設計語言；資產識別碼

並列摘要

In recent years, Building Information Modeling (BIM) has flourished in the field of construction engineering, and it is also used in the Facility Management System (FMS) during the operation phase of the Building Life Cycle (BLC). BIM and FMS have begun to be valued to the construction industry. This study proposes a framework of FMS function for BIM application in building’s life cycle stagesThe development of FMS function is closely related to the accuracy and completeness of the BIM model information in the phases of a construction project life cycle. If effective information exchange and detailed records are cannot be achieved, completion information will show in missing or incorrect and FMS will be contacted during the operation stage. In order to ensure that the BIM model be used smoothly during the operation and maintenance phase, the as-built BIM model must ensure that the relevant information of the facilities and equipment is recorded in the model as basis of the FMS in the operation and maintenance phase. In 2007, the US Army Corps of Engineers started to use the Construction Operations Building Information Exchange (COBie) as a standard model for information exchange and collection, which can meet the requirements for facility information upon completion and delivery to the operating unit. Many construction projects are required to deliver a as-built model with complete information to the owner at the completion stage. However, some facilities and equipments selected by the owner and often changed during the construction process. It is having a time pressure for the completion of the project. Shorten the modeling time of BIM, bringing to incomplete equipment information or inconsistency with real buildings, thus are reducing the value of BIM used in FMS. On the other hand, if the equipment components in the as-built model each have an Asset Identification Code (AIC), it will facilitate the import of the as-built model into the FMS and the use and communication of the administrator. However, there are as many as equipment components with tens of thousands of equipment components in the model. It is difficult to enter parameters manually. Therefore, it is necessary to generate AIC through automated programs.This study uses BIM recording model, Visual Programming Language (VPL) and COBie technologies. In order to make the as-built model completely record the equipment information, it is smoothly applied to the FMS in the operation stage. This study uses COBie as the concept and uses Dynamo to write a "as-built model information automation system" to improve the efficiency of BIM writing, checking and correcting equipment information. In addition, this study also uses Dynamo to write the "AIC Automation System", which can automatically generate the AIC of each device component in the model and export the list, providing a convenient way to build AIC in BIM. This study uses a new dormitory project as a real case to verify the feasibility, and analyzes and compares the differences between manual and automation. This study measured the time for BIM practitioners to create component equipment information. In this case, it is estimated that the manual operation takes about 2687 minutes, but we used the "recording model information automation system" developed by this study only takes 5 minutes, the efficiency difference is more than 500 times, and it provides more convenient parameter information check and Correction method. The correction method is to export the BIM parameter data in COBie format through the program. After the correction, user can directly use the system to import the corrected COBie database back to BIM. This real case experience proves that the system can improve modeling efficiency and effectively reduce modeling labor costs and human errors. On the other hand, in order to facilitate the import of the model into FMS, the BIM in this case must build the AIC of the equipment component. The "AIC Automation System" generates 30,820 AICs in the model, and the total program execution time is 16 minutes. Because of the large number, it is difficult to build manually, so it is necessary to build with an automated program. After the program is built, use the program to export the AIC list in Excel file format to review. Through real case experience, it is proved that the "AIC Automation System" can automatically write AIC models and export lists, assist BIM to import FMS, and provide maintenance personnel for use and communication.