國道客運在交通部於民國84年開放營運後,大多數路線初期之總載客量呈現成長情形,但由於競爭者之數量增加,逐漸瓜分整體旅客市場。基於增加獲利、提升營運績效之目的,國內航空與海運業者已發展數種有效之策略合作方式;相較於此,國道客運卻仍缺乏類似之有效策略合作或共同經營之方式。在公路運輸方面,近年來關於如何提升國道客運營運績效之研究報告陸續發表,其中以發展轉運、接駁方式等最廣為探討。然而此類研究多以單一業者為研究對象,對於多業者間策略競爭行為之探討仍付之闕如。 本研究以國道客運為研究對象,針對一般型中(長)程路線建立二種營運合作模式,包括直達型路線合作模式與轉運型路線合作模式。模式一選擇台北-高雄、模式二選擇台北-台中、台中-高雄直達型路線與經營該路線之主要合法客運業者為模擬對象,最佳化目標為業者總利潤最佳化,在此主要針對聯合營運之最適票價與車輛班距規劃進行探討。研究結果顯示模式一在模式求解之票價與發車時刻下,業者所獲得之總利潤至少較未合作前增加25%,在模式二中業者總利潤至少增加11%,顯示本研究所發展之最佳化模式,不但能提供業者合理可行之票價與班距搭配方式,且確實有助於業者提升獲利能力。
Due to the deregulation of intercity bus services issued by Ministry of Transportation and Communications (MOTC) in 1995, the travel demand increased in most routes. More and more bus companies joined the competitive market since then and few had developed cooperative strategies as airline and shipping industry did. Most of studies published in recent years focused on improving operational performance of transfer and feeder systems and addressed issues by individual operators respectively. This study aimed to develop optimization models of prices and vehicle scheduling for co-operating intercity bus carriers, which provide non-stop and transfer services. The model І was built for non-stop services between Taipei and Kaohsiung, and model П for both non-stop and transfer services between Taipei-Taichung and Taichung-Kaoshiung. The objectives of models were to maximize operating profits of co-operating carriers in condition of using current resources and better off. For various scenarios, optimal prices as well as vehicle scheduling were reported, and the profits increased more than 11% in model І, 25% in model П. The results indicated that the proposed models were able to provide reasonable co-operating strategies in terms of prices and scheduling.