台灣加入政府採購協定之商機與法制探討 ─兼論兩岸採購市場自由化

The Study on the Business Opportunity and Legal Structure in the International Public Procurement Market After Taiwan's Joining the Government Procurement Agreement──Also covered the Study on the Liberalization of Procurement Market in Taiwan and China

陳熙達(Si-Da Chen)

指導教授 ： 陳櫻琴

中原大學/商學院/財經法律研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201000716

摘要

台灣於2009年7月15日正式成為政府採購協定協定(government procurement agreement,GPA)第41個締約國，負有開放國內政府採購市場之義務，但同樣也享有參與國際政府採購市場之機會。GPA所有締約國所構成的採購市場，商機龐大。對於台灣廠商而言，在國內採購市場方面，面臨國外廠商之競爭，可能導致原有的商機流失；在國外採購市場方面，因過往欠缺至國外參與投標之經驗，而不知從何參與及拓展商機。另一方面，同是WTO會員國的中國大陸，雖尚未加入GPA，然中國大陸政府採購市場的潛在商機龐大，為世界各國極力爭取之目標，與中國大陸經貿互動頻繁的台灣，亦必須先作好準備，爭取參與之機會。

加入GPA對於台灣廠商的影響，在現階段尚未產生實質之影響，但可預見的是市場競爭加劇之情形，就國內市場而言，除廠商本身必須提升自我競爭能力外，政府單位亦需盡可能推動政策以及修改法令之方式幫助廠商生存。國外市場方面，對於欠缺投標經驗的廠商，除廠商本身積極參與外，政府應該予以協助，建立資訊整合平台以及尋求與外國廠商的合作分包機會等方式，盡可能促使有競爭能力的廠商進軍國際，獲取商機。

本文整理分析相關文獻，透過法學的方法，檢視GPA法制、台灣採購法制、主要締約國之法制，以及中國大陸採購法制。並提出我國法制需修改之處，以及了解GPA締約國之法制以及中國大陸法制，台灣廠商必須注意之處。另一方面以經濟分析及商學風險分析，分析台灣廠商所面臨的商機及風險所在。希冀提供台灣廠商及政府，政府採購之總體市場商機以及未來展望。

關鍵字

政府採購協定、政府採購法、採購市場商機 ； 公開化原則 ； 透明度 ； 採購爭議處理

並列摘要

Taiwan has officially become one of the 41 parties of Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) on July 15 2009. It represents that Taiwan has an obligation to make it’s public procurement market open. Taiwan domestic producers gain a business opportunity from the international public procurement market. Since the business opportunity of the GPA procurement market is huge, to our domestic producer, they may face the competition form the foreign producer. It’s probable that our producers will loss the original business opportunity in our domestic market. Also our producer lack the experience of tendering in the international public procurement market, so they don’t know how to get access to the market. In the other hand, although China is still not party of GPA, but there’re a great potential business opportunity that most of nations seek out. Since Taiwan frequently interacts with China in trade and politic, We can use our advantage and prepare to gain this business opportunity as well as we can.

There is no obvious influence that Taiwan become the party of GPA, but we can anticipate that it will bring the severe competition to our producers. It is not only domestic producers should prove themself in the domestic market, but also our government should set some policy into action and revise the regulations about the public procurement to help domestic producers. On the other side, domestic producers should pursuit the joining opportunity as best as they can, but our government also should build a Information Integration Platform or provide the opportunities of subcontract with foreign producers. It should help domestic producers which are full of potential to compete with foreign producer, then make them gain the business opportunity.

This thesis reviews the relevant literature and survey the legal system of GPA, the legal system of Taiwan public procurement law (PPL) , the legal system of GPA parties ‘s PPL, and legal system of China’s PPL by the law method. It provides a suggestion that our legal system need to amend. It also reminds domestic producers what they should be concern by interpreting the legal system of parties of GPA, and legal system of China. On the other side, it analyzes the business opportunity and risk in the international public procurement market by Economic Analysis and Business Risk Analysis, then provide the prospecting of the macro business opportunity in the future.

並列關鍵字

Principle of Openness ； The Legal System of Taiwan PPL ； Business Opportunity of Public Procurement Market ； Dispute Settlement of Public Procurement ； GPA ； Transparency

參考文獻

政府採購申訴案例彙編(四)，行政院公共工程委員會法規叢書，第4版（2007）

台灣出席「GSA政府採購多邊合作論壇會議」報告，行政院公共工程委員會（2009）

李仁豪，公共工程技術服務契約爭議問題之研究，政治大學法律研究所碩士論文（2008）

張德浩，台商參與大陸政府採購之探索性研究，政治大學行政管理所碩士論文（2006）

劉大年，中國貿易政策檢討報告之評析，中華經濟研究院WTO中心網站：http://www.wtocenter.org.tw/SmartKMS/do/www/readDoc?document_id=92674（2009/11/3，造訪）