加護病房視訊探病之使用意圖分析

自 2019 年 12 月新冠肺炎疫情爆發後，截至 2021 年 1 月 23 日，全球已有 192 個國家，累計確診人數 0.98 億人，其中因新冠肺炎而死亡人數 210.7 萬人，是人類歷史上致死人數最多的流行病之一。因全球疫情持續延燒，沒有趨緩跡象。為了防堵在防疫工作中出現任何錯誤與漏洞，應對流行病的快速變化，我們必須嚴格控制可能感染途徑的每一個細節，特別是對已經被診斷出的感染者，應該被更嚴格地限制其活動範圍及限制其接觸的對象。在醫院，特別是重症加護病房的控管，為因應疫情的瞬息萬變，避免發生群聚感染造成醫療人力的耗損，必須採取更有效的保護措施，防止疫情失控及醫療資源崩潰。為了阻斷感染源傳播，許多醫院禁止親屬面對面探視病人，病人及親屬無法進行面對面互動與關懷，造成病人及親屬感到不安、焦慮或遺憾。為解決此一問題，透過視訊系統探病有助於實現病人及親屬的面對面之交流與關懷，同時又可兼顧防疫，是一種相對較好的解決方案。本研究以整合性科技接受模式（UTAUT )為理論基礎，探討使用者運用視訊系統進行視訊探病的行為意圖。本研究蒐集整理相關研究文獻、建立研究架構、設計 UTAUT 結構化問卷。再經專家修改後的問卷，其內容效度 Cronbach's Alpha 達到：0.980，達到高信度之上（α＞0.7），是具有信效度完整的問卷。本研究以 UTAUT 中「預期成效」、「付出期望」、「社群因素」、「行為意圖」加上「情感支持」等構面，與人口變數如性別、年齡等；探病經驗變數如有無探視病患的經驗、有無被探視的經驗；視訊經驗變項如有無使用過通訊軟體視訊功能的經驗，及有無使用視訊會議系統的經驗等因素進行相關研究分析，收集 2020 年 11 月 15 日至 12 月 15 日，北部某地區教學醫院加護病房住院病患及親屬進行收案，回收有效、無重複性問卷共 109 份，回收之問卷以 SPSS統計軟體進行問卷資料分析。研究結果顯示，年齡及教育程度對「預期成效」、「付出期望」、「社群因素」、「情感支持」、「行為意圖」等五個研究構面都有顯著的影響；性別僅對「預期成效」、「行為意圖」有顯著的影響；婚姻狀況及職業則是對「社群因素」、「情感支持」、「行為意圖」有顯著的影響；有無使用視訊會議系統的經驗則是對所有構面都無顯著的影響。此外，研究結果也顯示，「預期成效」、「付出期望」、「情感支持」對「行為意圖」構面有正向顯著的影響，而「社群因素」對「行為意圖」構面的影響則未達統計上的顯著性。本研究以整合性科技接受模式探討加護病房患者及家屬運用視訊系統（視訊螢幕及對講機對話方式）探病之行為意圖，通過現場訪談，可以了解病人及家屬對於使用視訊系統的應用並不排斥，也讓本研究對於使用視訊系統替代面對面探病的想法得到驗證與支持。

關鍵字

整合性科技接受模式；視訊探病；行為意圖

並列摘要

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 in December 2019, the global epidemic has continued to spread, and serious cluster infections have occurred one after another. Due to the cumulative number of diagnoses and deaths worldwide has rapidly increased, in order to prevent any errors and loopholes in the epidemic prevention work, and to respond to the rapid changes in the epidemic, we must strictly control every the possible infection pathways. Especially for those who have been diagnosed as infected, their scope of activities and the people of contact should be restricted more strictly. In hospitals, especially in intensive care units, in order to cope with the rapid changes of the epidemic and avoid the loss of medical manpower caused by cluster infections, more effective protective measures must be taken to prevent the epidemic from getting out of control and the collapse of medical resources. In order to stop the spread of the source of infection, many hospitals prohibit relatives from visiting patients. Patients and relatives cannot interact and care face-to-face, causing patients and relatives to feel uneasy, anxious or regret. To solve this problem, visiting patients through the video system helps to realize face-to-face communication and care between patients and their relatives, and at the same time, it can also take into account the epidemic prevention, which is a relatively good solution. This research is based on the unified technology acceptance and use theory (UTAUT) to explore the behavioral intentions of user using video system for video visits,. This study collects and sorts relevant research literature to establish the research framework, and to design the structured questionnaires. The research questionnaire revised by experts has a content validity of Cronbach's Alpha reached 0.980, which was above high reliability (α>0.7). It was a questionnaire with complete reliability and validity. In this study,"Performance Expectancy", "Effort Expectancy", "Social Factors", "Behavior Intention" of UTAUT, "Emotion Support", demographic variables such as gender, age etc., the experience of visiting patients or being visited, the experience of using video communication software, and the experience of using video conferencing systems are used to the research variables. Research data was collected from November 15 to December 15, 2020, in the intensive care unit of a teaching hospital. A total of 109 valid and non-repetitive questionnaires were collected. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS software. The research results show that age and education level have significant impacts on "Performance Expectancy", "Effort Expectancy", "Social Factors", "Emotion Support", and "Behavior Intention"; gender only affects “Performance Expectancy” and “Behavior Intention”; marital status and occupation have significant impacts on "Social Factors", “Emotion Support”, and “Behavior Intention”; the experience of using the video conferencing system has no significant impact on any research variables. In addition, the research results also show that "Performance Expectancy", "Effort Expectancy" and "Emotion Support" have positive and significant influences on the "Behavioral Intention", while "Social Factors" has no positive and significant influence on the "Behavioral Intention". The UTAUT was used in this study to explore the behavioral intentions of patients and their families using video system (video screen and walkie-talkie dialogue) to visit in the intensive care unit. Through face-to-face interviews, we can understand that the application of video system can be accepted by patients and their families. This research results verify and support the feasibility of using video system for replacing face-to-face visits.