東南亞婚姻移民工作與家務責任之權衡-以微型創業外籍配偶為例

本研究旨在探討外籍配偶在微型創業後，將如何權衡工作與家務責任。本研究透過深度訪談訪問了8位微型創業外籍配偶，分享這些媽媽在工作與家務責任權衡的樣貌。研究結果發現：一、由於她們家庭經濟狀況大多為單一收入家庭，在必須努力扮演主要家計負擔者的角色之下，又必須承擔性別角色分工刻板印象底下之家務責任，因此她們日常生活即是工作與家務責任兩種角色交替扮演度過，是對家庭奉獻的過程。二、研究發現她們認為開店有助於達成工作與家務責任上的平衡，但亦須注意這樣的彈性空間可能是以長工時、高工作負荷來換取的。三、微型創業外籍配偶面臨工作與家務責任兩難的樣貌可以以「蠟燭兩頭燒」來形容，且這樣的高壓力負荷甚至會影響到她們身體上的健康。但在她們眼中這樣的情形並非兩難，而是展現順服態度與適應韌性來面對。四、家庭責任分工狀況是影響兩難程度高低的因素之一，當家庭支持力量越大，她們面臨的兩難感越低；反之，當家庭支持力量越小，她們面臨的兩難感越高。五、雖然她們來台已有一段時間，但研究發現因為東南亞外籍配偶身分所造成的影響還是不易擺脫，如夫家期待她們扮演家務責任主要負擔者的角色、創業動機為以家庭為思考中心與台灣微型創業女性以自我實現為中心差異甚大。六、她們在兩難下會採行多樣貌的因應策略，如創造工作與家庭的界線、與家人好好溝通、非正式社會網絡的支持等等。微型創業為外籍配偶存在已久的就業困境帶來改變的契機，但在這些顯而易見的經濟貢獻背後，我們應該更加正視她們工作與家務責任兩難的議題。

關鍵字

東南亞外籍配偶；工作與家務責任；微型創業

並列摘要

This study aimed to explore the spouses after the micro-entrepreneurs, how to balance work and family responsibilities. In this study, depth interviews of 8 micro-entrepreneurs spouses share the appearance of these mothers weigh in work and family responsibilities. The results showed that: 1.Their family economic conditions are mostly for single-income families. They have struggle for family economy, and so take responsibilities for family under the e stereotype of gender roles. They lives are two kinds roles exchange constantly, and they lives are processes which dedicate to the family. 2.The study found that they think micro-entrepreneurs to help achieve balance in work and family responsibilities, but should also be noted that this flexibility may be based on long hours, high workload in exchange for. 3.They faced with the dilemma of work and family responsibilities, and the high pressure load even affect their physical health. But in their eyes, such a situation is not a dilemma, but to show the obedient attitude and adapt toughness to face. 4.Family division of responsibilities is one of the factors. It affects the dilemma of the degree. When the family support are the greater, the sense of the dilemma they face are lower; and vice versa. 5.Although they come to Taiwan for some time, but the researchers found that the impact of the Southeast Asian spouses identity is not easy to get rid of her husband expectancy. Their husband want they take major domestic responsibilities. And their entrepreneurial motivation differ from Taiwanese women. They think family is most important rather than self-realization. 6.In a dilemma situation, they are would be to adopt diversities coping strategies, such as the creation of the boundaries between work and family, good communication with their families, informal social networks of support Micro-entrepreneurs is a good way to solve the employment difficulties which exist a long time, but behind these obvious economic contribution, we should be more face squarely the issue of the dilemma they work and family responsibilities.