新住民幼兒與本土幼兒在認知能力、語言能力、社會能力、情緒能力之差異分析—以家庭環境多樣為調節變項

Analysis of The Differences in Cognitive Abilities, Language Abilities, Social Abilities, and Emotional Abilities between New Inhabitants and Native Children—Family Environment Diversity as Moderator

林芃萱(Lin Peng-Hsuan)

指導教授 ： 陳學志 ； 張雨霖

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育心理與輔導學系/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202100211

摘要

本研究旨在探討新住民幼兒與本土幼兒在家庭環境多樣、認知能力、語言能力、社會能力、情緒能力間的關聯情形，以及新住民幼兒與本土幼兒在家庭環境多樣、認知能力、語言能力、社會能力、情緒能力之間的差異情形，進一步瞭解家庭環境多樣在不同族群（新住民幼兒、本土幼兒）與認知能力、語言能力、社會能力、情緒能力之間，是否有調節效果。研究方法以張鑑如（2019）「臺灣幼兒發展調查資料庫計畫」36月齡組，刪除無效樣本、遺漏值後，篩選出141位新住民幼兒樣本，並使用SPSS從1959位本土幼兒隨機抽樣對應新住民幼兒樣本數158位，共計299位，以描述統計、皮爾森積差相關、獨立樣本t檢定、階層迴歸進行統計分析。
主要研究結果發現：
一、新住民幼兒與本土幼兒在性別分布上有顯著差異；父親的原國籍以
臺灣佔最多，其次為中國；母親的原國籍以東南亞佔最多，其次為中國；父母社經地位相比本土幼兒偏低。
二、在控制幼兒性別與父母社經地位之後，不同族群(新住民=1，本土=0)與家庭環境多樣、認知能力、語言能力、社會能力與情緒能力之間有顯著負偏相關。亦即，新住民幼兒在家庭環境多樣、認知能力、語言能力、社會能力、情緒能力等變項均顯著低於本土幼兒。
三、在控制幼兒性別與父母社經地位之後，家庭環境多樣與認知能力、語言能力、社會能力與情緒能力之間有顯著正偏相關。進一步分別探討不同族群的家庭環境多樣與認知能力、語言能力、社會能力與情緒能力間的關聯性，新住民幼兒之家庭環境多樣與認知能力、語言能力、社會能力、情緒能力之間具有顯著正偏相關；本土幼兒之家庭環境多樣與認知能力、語言能力、社會能力、情緒能力之間具有顯著正偏相關。
四、家庭環境多樣對不同族群的認知能力、語言能力、社會能力、情緒能力均有正向關聯，但家庭環境多樣可顯著調節不同族群對社會能力的關聯。進一步進行單純斜率檢定，發現新住民幼兒的家庭環境多樣對社會能力有正向解釋力顯著高於本土幼兒。亦即，當家庭環境多樣較低時，新住民幼兒之社會能力遠低於本土幼兒，而同在家庭環境多樣較高時，新住民幼兒與本土幼兒之社會能力差異顯著減少，亦即當提升新住民幼兒的家庭環境多樣，有助於縮短與本土幼兒之社會能力差距。

本研究根據結果，對新住民家長、學校老師與相關政府單位，及未來研究提出建議。

關鍵字

新住民幼兒 ； 家庭環境多樣 ； 認知能力 ； 語言能力 ； 社會能力 ； 情緒能力

並列摘要

This research aims to explore the differences between the family environment diversity, cognitive abilities, language abilities, social abilities, and emotional abilities of new residents and native children, and the association between new residents and native children in their Family environment diversity, cognitive abilities, language abilities, social abilities, and emotional abilities. Furthermore, it can improve understanding of the moderation effect of the family environment diversity between different ethnic groups (new residents, native children) and cognitive abilities, language abilities, social abilities, and emotional abilities.The research method used Chang, Chien-Ju's (2019) " Kids in Taiwan:National Longitudinal Study of Child Development & Care " 36-month-old group, and after deleting invalid samples and missing values, 141 new resident toddler samples were selected, and SPSS was used to randomly sample 1959 local toddlers. The sample number of new residents is 158, a total of 299, and statistical analysis is performed by descriptive statistics, Pearson product difference correlation, independent sample t test, and class regression.
The main findings:
1. There is significant difference in gender distribution between new residents and native children; the father’s original nationality is Taiwan, followed by China; the mother’s original nationality is Southeast Asia, followed by China; the socioeconomic status of parents is lower than that of local children.
2. After controlling for children’s gender and parents’ socio-economic status, different ethnic groups (new residents=1, native=0) have a significant negative correlation with family environment diversity, cognitive abilites, language abilities, social abilities, and emotional abilities. That is to say, the variables of the new residents' children in the family environment diversity, cognitive abilities, language abilities, social abilities, emotional abilities, etc. are significantly lower than those of the native children.
3. After controlling the child’s sex and parents’ socioeconomic status, there is a significant positive partial correlation between the family environment diversity and cognitive abilities, language abilities, social abilities, and emotional abilities. Further exploring the relationship between the family environment diversity of different ethnic groups and cognitive abilities, language abilities, social abilities, and emotional abilities, there is a significant positive partial correlation between the family environment diversity of new residents and children’s cognitive abilities, language abilities, social abilities, and emotional abilities. There is a significant positive partial correlation between the family environment diversity of local children and cognitive abilities, language abilities, social abilities and emotional abilities.
4. Family environment diversity have positive correlations with the cognitive abilities, language abilities, social abilities, and emotional abilities of different ethnic groups, but the family environment diversity can significantly regulate the relationship between different ethnic groups' social capabilities. The simple slope test was further carried out, and it was found that whether it is a new inhabitant child or a native children, the family environment diversity has a positive explanatory power for social abilities. However, when the diversity of family environment is low, the social abilities of the new resident children are much lower than that of the native children, and when the diversity of family environment is high, the social abilities of the new resident children and the native children are not significantly different; that is, when promoting a family environment diversity for new residents and children, it helps to shorten the social capacity gap with native children.

Based on the conclusions of this study, suggestions are made for new residents’ parents, school teachers, governments, and future research.

並列關鍵字

children of new residents ； family environment diversity ； cognitive abilities ； language abilities ； social abilities ； emotional abilities

參考文獻

張鑑如（2019）：幼兒發展調查資料庫建置計畫：36月齡組第一波36月齡(D00168)【原始數據】。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。https://doi.org/10.6141/TW-SRDA-D00168-1

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https://www.stat.gov.tw/public/Data/011515584J2042CJ5.pdf

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