社區高齡者客觀身體活動量與身體功能表現相關之研究

高齡者的身體功能表現會隨身體機能自然老化而受到影響，進而導致罹患慢性疾病，高齡者活動功能障礙的盛行率也將為高齡化的社會帶來全面性衝擊，若缺乏自我照顧能力或身體活動功能障礙的高齡者儼然成國家社會負擔也在醫療經費上大為提升。因此，對於國內高齡者客觀身體活動與身體功能表現之關聯性探討有其必要性。本研究之目的為 (1) 瞭解研究對象的社會人口變項、客觀身體活動量與身體功能表現之現況。(2) 瞭解不同性別之研究對象，其客觀身體活動量及身體功能表現之差異。(3) 瞭解不同性別之研究對象，其客觀身體活動量與身體功能表現之關聯性。本研究以方便取樣方式，招募社區健康高齡者自願參加本研究為研究對象（30位男性和90位女性，平均年齡65.5 ±5.4 歲）。研究工具包括: (1) 客觀儀器三軸加速規(GT3X+ ActiGraph)測量客觀身體活動量及每日步數；(2)身體功能表現項目包括檢測下肢肌力的「計時五次坐站」、檢測平衡能力的「單足站立」及「起立行走坐下」以及檢測行動能力的「五公尺步行」，並以IBM SPSS 23.0進行資料分析，統計方法包括描述性統計分析、獨立樣本t檢定及多元線性迴歸。研究結果發現如下:(1) 在不同「性別」在「每日步數」上有顯著差異，而且男性每日的步數於女性；(2) 不同「性別」在「每日中高度身體活動量」上有顯著差異，而男性的每日中高度身體活動量高於女性 (3) 不同「性別」在「每日輕度身體活動量」上有顯著差異，且女性的每日輕度身體活動量高於男性；(4) 不管男女在身體活動量與身體功能表現皆未達統計上顯著相關。本研究之結果建議未來對於高齡者要發展男女不同的身體活動促進方案，如促進女性每日步行次數及每日中高強度活動量並提升男性輕強度的活動量(如:健走、日常生活家事等)為參考依據。建議未來研究可進一步以長期追蹤的縱貫性研究來深入瞭解身體活動與身體功能間的因果關係。

關鍵字

三軸加速規；客觀身體活動；身體功能表現；高齡者

並列摘要

It is well-documented that physical function of elderly people declines with natural aging, which leads to risks of chronic diseases. The prevalence of disability in older adults has also risen sharply, which contribute to a comprehensive impact to an aging society. It may cause elder who lacks self-care ability or physical activity dysfunction become a social burden and greatly increase medical expenditure. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the relationship between objectively-measured physical activity and performance-based physical function of elders in Taiwan. The aims of this study are (1) to describe the prevalence of objectively-measured physical activity and performance-based physical function according to socio-demographic variables, (2) to examine the differences of objectively-measured physical activity and performance-based physical function among the subjects of different genders, (3) to understand the relationship between the objectively-measured physical activity and performance-based physical function between in different genders. A convenience sampling cross-sectional study was conducted, and community-dwelling elders were recruited with volunteer in this study (30 males and 90 females, mean age 65.5 ± 5.4 years old). In this study, the measurements we utilize include: (1) using triaxial accelerometers (GT3X+ , ActiGraph) to measured daily physical activity and daily steps counts of older adults, and (2) performance-based physical function including the detection of lower-extremity performance by "timed five-chair stand, TCS", and the detection of balance ability by "eye-opening one leg standing" and " timed up and go, TUG", and the detection of mobility by "gait speed, GS". Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, adjusted multiple regression analysis were performed by using IBM SPSS 23.0. After adjusting control variables, the results showed that (1) The daily steps counts is associated with different genders, and male have more daily steps counts than female, (2) The daily moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity is associated with different genders, and male have more daily moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity than female, (3) The daily light physical activity is associated with different genders, and female have more daily light physical activity than male, (4) Neither male nor female physical activity and performances-based physical function are statistically significantly related. The results of this study suggest that elderly people for male and female should develop different physical activity promotion programs, such as promoting daily steps counts and daily moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity for female and increasing daily light physical activity (such as walking, daily housework, etc.) for men. It is suggested that future research can further discuss the relationship between physical activity and performance-based physical function through longitudinal studies.