一個框架，各自表述學校時間框架與國中生時間運用策略之研究

在教育系統中，每個學校都會設定一個時間表，引導各種教學活動的進行，教師與學生通常需要參照時間表行動。學校透過時間框架規範每個師生的作息，雖讓學校穩定有序，也可能限制學生的作為，促使學生運用策略跨越既定的時間框架。本研究以大台北地區某個特定學校為研究場域，研究者希望能深入理解不同類型學生是否都會被學校時間框架所框限而試圖想跨越，試圖理解該校的時間框架如何？學生如何詮釋此時間框架？學生是否試圖跨越時間框架？以何種策略跨越？為何跨越？這樣的跨越與學生之社會文化背景有何關聯？其研究目的如下：一、該校的時間框架如何？學生如何詮釋此時間框架？二、幾位選定的學生，其時間觀點(time perspective)為何？是否試圖跨越時間框架？以何種策略跨越？三、這樣的跨越與這幾位學生之社會文化背景有何關聯？為能厚實描述學生對於學校時間的詮釋，本研究採取質性研究取徑，選定台北市某所中學描述其時間框架與脈絡，並以該校某個八年級班級學生作為研究對象，在八年級上學期隨即進入現場進行實徵資料的蒐集，直至九年級上學期結束，透過參與觀察、深度訪談、文件分析等研究方式，藉此理解學生時間運用的觀念與行動。本研究透過相關資料的分析與整理之後獲致下列結論：赤子中學基本時間框架是反覆循環的時間迴圈；身處學校時間框架下學生的學校生活是被框限的，若不遵從可能會遭受懲罰；師生互動下教師對學生的好惡也影響了時間框架的鬆緊。再者，學生選擇是否跨越學校時間框架也與其階級文化、學業成績有關，且學生回應策略與其時間取向亦相互影響。故在「官方」定義的時間，學生對於學校時間的意義實則上有自己的詮釋，引導著學生展現出各種不同的行為模式。

關鍵字

學校時間框架；時間觀點；時間運用策略

並列摘要

In the education system, each school will set a timetable to guide the progress of various teaching activities. Teachers and students usually need to act according to the timetable. The school regulates the work and rest of each teacher and student through the time frame. Although the school is stable and orderly, it may also restrict students' actions and encourage students to use strategies to cross the established time frame. This study takes a specific school in the Greater Taipei area as the research field. The researchers hope to gain a deeper understanding of whether different types of students are limited by the school's time frame and try to cross it, trying to understand how the school's time frame is? How do students interpret this time frame? Are students trying to cross time frames? What strategy to cross? Why cross? How does such a leap relate to the sociocultural background of the students? Its research aims are as follows: 1. What is the time frame of the school? How do students interpret this time frame? 2. What is the time perspective of the selected students? whether to try to span time frame? What strategy to cross? 3. How is this leap related to the social and cultural background of these students? In order to describe the students' interpretation of school time, this study adopts a qualitative research approach, selects a junior high school in Taipei to describe its time frame and context, and takes a certain eighth-grade class of the school as the research object. Immediately enter the field to collect empirical data until the end of the first semester of the ninth grade. Through participation in observation, in-depth interviews, document analysis and other research methods, to understand the concepts and actions of students' time use. Through the analysis and arrangement of relevant data, this research has reached the following conclusions: The basic time frame of Chizi junior high school is a time loop that repeats itself; the school life of students in the school time frame is limited, and if they do not comply, they may be punished. Under the interaction of teachers and students, teachers' likes and dislikes to students also affect the tightness of the time frame. Furthermore, whether students choose to cross the school time frame is also related to their class culture and academic performance, and students' response strategies and their time orientation also affect each other. Therefore, in the time defined by "official", students actually have their own interpretation of the meaning of school time, which guides students to show various behavior patterns.