台灣地區鋰電池物質流分析研究

SUBSTANCE FLOW ANALYSIS OF LITHIUM ION BATTERIES IN TAIWAN

黃文歆(WEN-HSIN HUANG)

指導教授 ： 李育明

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/自然資源與環境管理研究所/碩士(2013年)

摘要

鋰電池的製程技術成熟、外型輕薄、價格大眾化、高效儲能特性的優勢，被廣泛使用各式產品，且近年智慧型電動車市場快速擴張，對於車用鋰電池之需求量大，故使鋰電池在電源市場上銷售量漸逐年增加，甚至開始取代傳統的鉛蓄電池和鎳氫電池。惟鋰電池廢棄後若放電未完全而殘存鋰金屬成分，未經妥善處理任意棄置，致電池外殼損毀，恐引起電池短路並造成火災或爆炸等危害。
本研究以物質流分析為基礎，彙整國內鋰電池進口、製造、廢棄及再利用等階段之量化數據；並藉由投入產出之質量平衡概念，探討台灣地區2010年至2012年二次鋰電池物質流布情況。結果顯示，目前台灣地區二次鋰電池仍大量存在於消費市場中尚未被廢棄，回收比率僅占2%至6%。另建立2010年至2012年鋰電池中5項潛力金屬包含鎳、鋁、鈷、鋰及銅之流布情況，發現該類金屬亦隨二次鋰電池存在於市場中，故可知二次鋰電池具有金屬資源回收再利用之市場價值。
基於目前台灣地區經濟系中存在之二次鋰電池廢棄潛量，本研究釐清智慧型電動車款製造（進口）業者繳交回收清除處理費之繳費義務，應納入車用鋰電池；另針對智慧型電動車款之車用鋰電池廢棄進入廢車拆解體系之後續流向處理亦提出相關建議，俾利供主管機關作為後續推動回收處理相關政策之參考。

關鍵字

二次鋰電池、物質流分析、回收處理體系

並列摘要

According to former studies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are been used wildly in fields such as computers, communications and consumer electronics products. But an even greater market could exist for lithium as a component of electric and hybrid vehicle (HEV, PHEV and BEV) batteries and for alternative energy production. It is mainly due to the characteristics of maturely manufactured techniques, light-weight, high energy-density, and low cost posed by this type of batteries. However, there are several dangerous issues such as, short circuits, fire accidents and even explosions, during the manufacturing, shipping, storage, littering and recycling of these type of batteries.
In this study, we firstly analyzed LIB data of manufactures, importers, consumptions, recycling, and exporters in Taiwan from 2010 to 2012. Secondly completing the establishment of 3-year-period material flow analysis models of LIB, and also including their valuable heavy metals including Ni, Al, Co, Li, and Cu by Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) method. It was found that there are plenty LIBs still being used in the market, the recycling rate was only around 2% to 6%.
As a result, we suggested a proper management of waste hybrid vehicle LIB and extend the HEV, PHEV and BEV manufacturers' and importers' responsibilities of recycling and treating the waste LIBs. These strategies are to be provided to the industry and authorities for promoting a safer LIB recycling and treatment system.

並列關鍵字

Lithium- ion batteries, Recycling and Material Recovery, Substance Flow Analysis (SFA)

參考文獻

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