台灣的政黨體系已逐漸轉變為兩黨制,使得政治行為不受政黨影響的獨立選民,成為決定選舉結果非常重要的因素,而獨立選民又可分成「有政黨偏好獨立選民」(independ-ent leaners)以及「純獨立選民」(pure independents)。美國關於政黨認同或是獨立選民的文獻卻將有政黨偏好獨立選民視為獨立選民,或是將其視為政黨認同者的一部分。然而,台灣近年對獨立選民的研究著重在純獨立選民,有政黨偏好獨立選民常被摒除在分析之外。因此本研究以2004年與2008年總統選舉作為研究對象,旨在探討上述兩類獨立選民的社 會學背景、政治態度與投票行為的差異。 根據本文的分析結果,有政黨偏好獨立選民在社會學背景屬性、政治態度、投票行為的面向上,和純獨立選民有明顯的不同。如果將有政黨偏好獨立選民,區分成獨立偏泛藍認同者及獨立偏泛綠認者,再與泛藍認同者與泛綠認同者作比較,可以發現兩者在意識型態的光譜十分接近。不過在政治態度與投票行為的比較上,獨立偏泛藍認同者和獨立偏泛綠認同者,不如泛藍認同者及泛綠認同者會持續的受到政黨認同所影響,而是根據選舉現況的不同,政黨認同的影響力也不一致。況且獨立偏泛藍認同者與獨立偏泛綠認同者之間仍存在不小的差異,如果將兩者合併分析,恐怕會失去值得我們關注的訊息。 純獨立選民,比較偏向無黨派支持者:教育程度、收入較為低落;意識型態較為中立,卻又稍微偏向台灣意識。在政治態度的部分,也許是對政治現況不滿的緣故,媒體接觸頻率、政治涉入程度、政治知識、政治練達度較為低落,對台灣的經濟評估較為悲觀,而施政滿 意度、政治效能感、候選人情感溫度計也在全部選民之間,位於較低或是中間的位置。進而造成較容易轉換投票對象、投票參與度較低,並大多利用候選人喜好度決定投票對象。
Taiwan’s party system is gradually transforming into two-party system, therefore; Independent voters play an important role in Taiwan's political results. This research explores data from 2004 and 2008 presidential election to examine the differences between Independent learners and Pure independents in sociological backgrounds, political attitude and voting behavior. The research finding suggests that Independent leaners and Pure independents have many differences in sociological backgrounds, political attitude and voting behavior. If we put Independent leaners into Pan-Blue leaners and Pan-green leaners and compared with Pan-Blue partisans and Pan-green partisans. The ideological spectrum found in same partisans and leaners are really similar, however, in with slightly different political attitudes and voting behavior. Pan-Blue leaners and Pan-green leaners will not continue to be the impact of party identification but according to the current political situation. Pure independents are similar to non-partisan, who has less education, less income; ideology is more neutral, but slightly biased toward to Taiwanese consciousness, and may be the reason for the dissatisfaction of the competition among political parties, Pure independents, with lower political attitudes; thus, resulting in easier to convert the object to vote, voting participation is low, and using candidate thermometer to decide the vote to whom.