生物程序影響腐植質光學特性以及結合金屬特性研究

Metal Distribution in Humic Substances Affected By Biological Prcess

李仲翔(Zhong-Xiang Li)

指導教授 ： 陳庭堅

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

農作廢棄物以及動物排泄物經過適當處理，當作土壤肥料避免長期耕作導致土壤肥力喪失。廢棄物經腐植化處理後，形成堆肥(compost)。人工濕地也是一種生物處理程序，可以改變溶解性有機質(DOM)的特性。本研究探討雞糞經堆肥處理以及濕地進出流水，堆肥腐植質(HS)與溼地DOM之光學化學特性與金屬濃度。另外堆肥HS分離為3種分子量以及濕地DOM分離為6種分子量溶液，分子量>1 kDa稱為膠體、< 1 1 kDa稱為真溶解相，HS與DOM各分子量溶液量測DOC與金屬濃度和光學性質，分析金屬不同分子量與真溶解相之分佈與分配。堆肥隨腐植程序演進大部分金屬全量上升。溼地進出流水部分金屬濃度的改變趨勢相反。堆肥HS與溼地DOM之OC質量以大分子量與真溶解相較高，而金屬Fe、Mn分配在大分子量( >100kDa)為主，其餘金屬則以真溶解相( <1kDa)為主。濕地DOM與堆肥HS金屬分配係數值> 1，代表金屬較容易分配於膠體上。
金屬與光學性質之趨勢堆肥與冬季濕地之相關性有相同之趨勢，顯示兩者DOM與金屬之分配特性與有機物變化趨勢相同。

關鍵字

濕地 ； 堆肥 ； 重金屬 ； 生物程序 ； 分配係數

並列摘要

With appropriate treatment, agricultural waste and animal manure can be used as soil fertilizer, which avoids the loss of soil fertility during long-term cultivation. The humified wastes generate compost. In addition, a constructed wetland (CW) treatment is regarded as one of several biological treatment processes that can beneficially change the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM). This study investigated optical characteristics and metal concentrations of composted humic substances (HS) in chicken manure as well as DOM in a CW.
The composted HS solutions were separated into three molecular weights (MWs); the CW water samples were separated into six MWs. Molecular weight >1 kDa for HS and DOM was called the colloids and MW < 1 kDa was called the truly dissolved phase. Bulk and individual MW HS and DOM were measured for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), metal concentrations, and optical characteristics. The metal distribution and partition coefficients were calculated between colloids and the truly dissolved phases. The metal concentrations increased following compost evolution, but metal concentrations after CW evolution had the opposite tendency. The high molecular weight phase had a high OC mass fraction in the composted HS whereas the truly dissolved phase had a high OC mass fraction in CW DOM. Metals Fe and Mn were mainly distributed in the high molecular weight fraction (>100 kDa), but other metals were distributed in the truly dissolved phase (<1 kDa). The metal distribution coefficients were > 1 for CW DOM and the composted HS, which suggested metals were likely to distribute on the colloids. The correlation of metal with optical characteristics had the same tendency for composted HS and CW DOM in winter, which demonstrated HS and DOM change and metal distribution had the same tendency.

並列關鍵字

Wetlands ； compost ； Heavy metals ； Biological process ； Distribution coefficient

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