戲劇治療對於日間照顧中心老人之應用成效

本研究主要探討戲劇治療於日間照護老人身體、心理及社會應用之成效。本研究採類實驗性研究，以立意取樣方式選取中區某日間照護中心19位老人為實驗組對象，及北區某日間照護中心19位老人為對照組對象，共收案38位，實驗組透過戲劇治療之介入進行每週一次、每次三小時共20次之戲劇治療課程，對照組則維持日間機構原有之活動，兩組於實驗介入前進行前測、並於實驗結束後進行後測。身體功能由日常生活活動功能測量、工具性日常生活活動功能測量、能量光場顯析儀測量，心理功能以中國人幸福感量表測量及情緒臉譜量表，社會功能以人際互動查檢表測量。研究資料以SPSS 20.0版軟體進行分析，以描述性統計分析。結果顯示實驗組在日常生活活動功能測量、中國人幸福感及人際互動查檢表較治療前有顯著進步(p<.05)，同時在能量光場顯(Aurcom)分析顯示在光場活力度、安定度、五行平均值及能量值顯示達顯著差異。但是實驗組之工具性日常生活活動功能測量則未達顯著差異(p = .295)。研究建議日間照顧中心培育戲劇治療照護服務人員，未來納入日間照護機構常規活動規劃，及可在相似長期機構場域水平擴展到不同族群介入治療及增加研究個案數量，以檢視戲劇治療的應用成效，增加不同場域之實證結果，未來可實際將戲劇治療納入學校教學及臨床實務應用。

關鍵字

日間照顧中心；老人；戲劇治療

並列摘要

This study is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of drama therapy in the physical, psychological and social functions of the elderly people in day care center, using a quasi-experimental approach. Through purposive sampling, the drama therapy group (N=19) from a day care center in central Taiwan was compared with participants (N=19) from another day care center in the northern Taiwan. Drama therapy was carried out once a week and three hours for each to reach a total of 20 therapeutic courses in the treatment group, while in the control group, the original activities in the center were maintained. Both pre-test and post-test were conducted for each group. Physical function was assessed via Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), and Auracom. Mental function was evaluated by Chinese Happiness Inventory (CHI) and Emotional Facial Scale, whereas social function was measured by Interpersonal Relationship Scale (IRS). The dada were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS 20.0. The results showed significant improvement (p<.05) of ADL, CHI and IRS after treatment in the experiment group, as well as significant differences in their bioenergy markers, i.e., vigor, stability, balance of five elements, and energy level, monitored by Auracom. Nevertheless, no significant difference (p = .295) was found before and after treatment in IADL analysis of the treatment group. It is suggested that day care centers to provide the training of drama therapists and bring drama therapy into their routine care activities. Our findings also indicate the potential worth of a future larger study, such as extend drama therapy into different cohorts as well as increase the sample size in similar long term care centers, so as to validate the effectiveness of drama therapy in different fields, and finally incorporate drama therapy into educational programs and clinical practice.