Habermas的批判理論對教師專業之啓示

The Inspiration of Teacher's Profession from Habermas' Critical

吳耀明(Yao-Ming Wu)

《花蓮師院學報（教育類）》 20期 (2005/05) Pp. 1-18

https://doi.org/10.7073/JNHTCA.200505.0001

摘要

Habermas是批判理論的集大成者，其對資本主義社會下種種弊病的批判，尤發人深省。他繼承批判理論的傳統，並融會各家之言，自成一思想體系。他從馬克思唯物辯證與實證主義之批判切入，指出人類理性扭曲、錯誤意識型態形成與自我意識喪失的根源與癥結；其次，透過對人類知識類型的分析，架設各類知識結合的可能性與方法；最後，以人類語言之溝通行動為基點，確立理論與實踐結合之可能性。其整體學說從批判工具理性、意識型態著手，而後逐步拈出知識論點，進而建立批判出路的溝通行動理論，這一整套過程亦即是從解放至重建，相信對我國目前正待解放及重建的學校教育有相當大的啓示作用。
本文採文獻研究方式，主要的目的在於，透過Habermas的批判理論之介紹，彰顯其學說之要義及其所強調之對於利益的揭露與解放，工具理性的批判、主體性、整體性、理論與實際之結合等，以引發教師對教學專業之反思、批判。最後，並指出此理論對教師專業的啓示，包括從班級經營、課程與教學及未來研究上三個層面加以說明，藉以提昇教師之素質，作為教育理念及實際教學之參考借鏡。

關鍵字

批判理論 ； 教師專業 ； 法蘭克福學派

並列摘要

Habermas is the representative person of Critical Theory, which criticized the defaults of capitalism. He proposed his own ideology by inheriting the tradition of Critical Theory and combining various viewpoints. He probed into Marx's materialist dialectics and positivism and pointed out the twist of human rationality, formation of mistaken ideology and crucial reasons for the lost of self-awareness. Moreover, the possibilities and methods for combination of various knowledge constructions are proposed through the analysis of human knowledge categories. Last, this study establishes the possibility of combination between theories and practices that base on the communicative action of human languages. The whole theory starts from the rationality and ideology of critical tools and then brings up viewpoints step by step to construct the theory of communicative action for critical outlet. The process of it is right from liberation to reconstruction. It is also believed to be significantly inspiring for present school education in our country, which demands for liberation and reconstruction.
This paper studied literature and intended to introduce Habermas' Critical Theory. Then, this study manifests the main ideas of Critical Theory such as exploration and liberation of benefits, rational criticism of tools, subjectivity, wholeness, and combination of theory and practice to inspire teachers' reflection of teaching profession. Last, the researcher points out the inspiration of this study to teachers' profession including classroom management, curriculum and instruction, and future studies to promote teachers' teaching quality and take for references of educational principle and practical instruction.

並列關鍵字

Critical Theory ； Teacher Profession ； Frankfurt School

參考文獻

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