葵菜的名物辨正及其在先秦以迄唐代詩賦中的素材表現

古典詩歌中「葵藿向陽」概念中的「葵」，是指葉可食用的葵菜，卻常被誤解為明代中後期才傳入中土的花卉「向日葵」。而與「葵」有關的蔬菜名稱又有多種，以致「葵」究竟是什麼蔬菜也眾說紛紜。古籍中被尊為「百菜之主」的葵菜，其實就是今名「冬葵」的錦葵科草本植物，葵葉口感滑順，甘美可食，葵菜子還具藥用價值。先秦時期，葵菜在黃河流域已經被採摘食用，漢魏六朝時期更發展出高度的園圃栽植技術。唐、宋以後，由於各種新培育和引入中土的蔬菜漸多，葵菜在各地的栽種數量遂漸減，而且本草醫藥之書普遍指出葵菜性寒，易發宿疾，動風氣，脾虛腸滑者忌服，孕婦慎服的禁忌，「百菜之主」的地位可能因此更形衰退。然而葵菜曾與民生密切相關，其外型特徵與生長特質在文學作品中常被用以形容擬譬。自先秦以迄唐代詩賦中，屢見藉葵葉能衛足而發抒身遭貶謫的感喟，或藉葵葉傾日的意象自比報國丹心赤誠；或因春夏秋三季都可收成，壟圃常見滿園綠意，因而藉園葵含綠表現生意盎然的意象；或因葉上露易晞而有人生苦短的傷感；或是以之為素材，藉食葵茹蔬，恬然自適的生活寫照，意味安貧寡欲的性情襟抱；或以魯女見逸馬踐葵，有感於國政衰頹來比喻憂心國事等概念。

關鍵字

葵菜；百菜之主；意象；素材

並列摘要

In ancient poetry, the ”Kuei” in concepts of verses of ”Kuei and Huo facing the sun” refers an University of Technologyto Kueicai (Malva crispa) that can be used an edible vegetable. However, it has been mistaken as the sunflower. There are various vegetables with names associated with ”Kuei”, the specific species of ”Kuei” has been disputed. The Kueicai, which was regarded as the ”Mother of all vegetables”, is an herb of Malvaceae. Due to its smooth taste, it is also known as ”Huachangcai”. Besides its edible value, its seeds have medical values.In the early Qin period, Kueicai had been widely used as food along the Yellow River region. During the Han, Wei, and Six Dynasties, Kueicai was a very important vegetable, and advanced planting techniques were developed. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to the cultivation and importation of new plant species, the planting areas for Kueicai thus reduced. Moreover, as Chinese medical books pointed out that Kueicai has cold property, may induce chronic illness, may affect the Qi of human body, and should be prohibited for those who have spleen and intestinal problems, especially for pregnant women. As a result, the position of the ”Mother of all vegetables” diminished, particularly after the Ming Dynasty.

並列關鍵字

Kueicai ； Mother of all vegetables ； Image ； Source material

國際替代計量

葵菜的名物辨正及其在先秦以迄唐代詩賦中的素材表現

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