《考古人類學刊》中漢人研究的回顧與展望

Some Observations on the Studies of the Han Chinese in the Bulletin of Department of Anthropology

顏學誠(Hsueh-Cheng Yen)

《國立臺灣大學考古人類學刊》 66期 (2006/12) Pp. 53-69

https://doi.org/10.6152/jaa.2006.12.0004

摘要

本文對考古人類學刊中漢人研究提出四點觀察：（一）以當代漢人為對象的民族誌研究出現頗晚。這個現象說明了漢人研究在早期考古人類學刊的相對弱勢。（二）漢人研究與原住民研究的專業化二分。早期考古人類系所訓練的學生多有研究原住民的論文，但是1965年之後，許多皆轉往當代漢人的研究，或同時進行漢人與原住民的研究。但是考古人類學系1965年第一屆碩士班出現之後，以研究當代漢人獲得學位者卻少有研究原住民的論文；另一方面，以研究原住民獲得碩士學位者，亦少轉入漢人研究。在此專業二分的情況下，要求漢人研究者「在研究自身文化之前要有異文化經驗」將是一種苛求。本文討論了可能的解套方式。（三）考古人類學刊中的漢人研究往往是以問題取向為依歸。漢人研究者較少限定自身的研究對象在一固定的社群，並以此社群發展出不同的問題。此或許涉及漢人社會的某些特徵。（四）多數的漢人研究強調漢文化的特殊性格，或是探究研究對象的獨特歷史經驗。這種強調文化特殊性的研究取向，使得學者關注於細節的描述，可能妨礙跨文化理論的建構。

關鍵字

考古人類學刊 ； 漢人研究 ； 社區社群研究 ； 文化特殊論

並列摘要

This article lists four observations on the studies of the Han Chinese appeared in the Bulletin of the Department of Anthropology. (1) Before 1983, there had been no articles based on the ethnographical studies of the Han Chinese in the Bulletin. All ethnographical works were about Taiwanese Aborigines. Articles relating to the studies of the Chinese were about ancient China and based on texts. On the other hand, most articles on the Han Chinese since 1983 have been ethnographical in nature. (2) Most of the undergraduate students who had published papers on the Taiwanese Aborigines before 1965 have changed their research interests to the studies of the Han Chinese or have done research on both the Han Chinese and the Taiwanese Aborigines at the same time. However, after 1965 with the establishment of graduate programs in the Department of Anthropology at National Taiwan University, such shift seldom occurred. If one studied Taiwanese Aborigines for the master degree, the probability of changing to the study of the Han is nil, and vice versa. (3) Unlike researchers on the Taiwanese Aborigines, most of those who study the Han Chinese do not stay at a single geographical region in the entirety of their academic career. Their works are often problem oriented and change field sites to suit current research problems. (4) Most ethnographical studies on the Han Chinese adopt historical particularism as the basic tenet. Often meticulous descriptions of cultural phenomena are pursuit at the expense of cross culture comparison and theory building. This somehow limits the potential of Han Chinese studies and may narrow its readership.

並列關鍵字

Bulletin of Department of Anthropology ； Studies of the Han Chinese ； Community Study ； Cultural Particularism

參考文獻

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