網球運動員追求卓越的過程：運動人類學領域的解析

The Process of Tennis Players Pursuing of Excellence:An Analyzes of Anthropology of Sport.

李加耀(Chia-yao. Lee)

指導教授 ： 蔡禎雄

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/博士(2002年)

摘要

本研究以運動人類學的研究方法，解析台灣網球運動員追求卓越的過程。以陳南教練所指導的一所小學、國中、高中的學校網球代表隊為對象，進行為期一年的田野工作。將參與觀察與訪談所得資料整理與分析後，有以下四點結論：
一、天堂網球隊的技術訓練重視穩定性，強調擊球要旋。球員的身體有主動參與技術學習的能力，並造成技術階序性的高低。階序高的球員，是指球感好，在球速、球質、與穩定性上有良好的表現，也具有挑戰國際職業比賽的能力。
二、比賽需要身體與心理能力良好的配合。在天堂網球隊的觀察中，心理能力包括性、心、膽量、智商等。好球員必須有技術階序性高的條件，以及定性、有心、有膽量、智商高等心理能力，就具備往國際職業賽追求卓越的條件。
三、制度影響天堂網球員的程度已超越身體與心理能力。其中包括了學歷取向、經濟因素、以及就業市場。制度導致了網球員不須學業成績就可以申請學校，也才有職業網球員又同時是學生身份的情形存在。這造成網球員在追求知識與網球卓越時的負面影響。
四、台灣競技運動發展環境的不佳，使網球員趨於保守的性格，並處在學歷取得與運動成就之間搖擺。所以，制度限制了網球員去超越的可能，讓他們趨於保守。這是一種缺乏超越性的文化取向。

關鍵字

網球運動員階序性 ； 追求卓越 ； 運動人類學 ； 階序性

並列摘要

The study adopted methods of Anthropology of sport to analyses the process of Taiwanese tennis player’s pursuingof excellence. The objects of the study are from three tennis school teams, including an elementary school, a junior high school and a senior high school which have the same coach. The researcher made one-year long fieldwork including observation and interview. After regulating and analyzing all the data, the researcher made four conclusions as following :
Heaven tennis team’s skill trainings value steadiness, stress the importance of spin and emphasize that body can be active in participating skill-learning. Players’ body initiative produce relative superiority or inferiority of skill classes. Players with high ranks mean that they have good ball-sensation. Those players not only have excellent performance on speed, quality and steadiness. But also own abilities to challenge internationally professional games.
Playing good games needs good body and psychology abilities. Psychology ability includes individual personality, attempt, courage and intelligence. Good players must have not only high skill classes but also steady personality, strong attempt, enough courage and high intelligence which are totally called good psychology abilities. Good players are provides with pursuing excellence in internationally professional games. Unfortunately, only few members can continue pursuing excellence after their high school graduation because of influence of social systems.
Social systems have cause much more influence on Heaven tennis players than their body and psychology abilities. Social systems have made tennis players enter good school without studying, and this kind of condition causes professional player are also students. It really makes negative influence on tennis players’ pursuing excellence of body and psychology.
Competitive sports are not developed very well in Taiwan. And that has caused competitive players to have conservative personality. Besides, those competitive players also swing between degrees and athletic achievements. Therefore, social systems have confined the possibilities of tennis players’ surpassing and have made the tennis players hesitate. Under these kinds of social systems, tennis players really lack surpassing.

並列關鍵字

tennis player ； pursue of excellence ； anthropology of sport ； class

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