女子棒球選手性別適合度知覺、壘球參與經驗、自覺能力對自我效能、運動動機的影響

Effects of Gender Appropriateness Perception, Softball Experience, and Perceived Competence on Self-Efficacy and Motivation of Female Baseball Players

10.5297/ser.200712_9(4).0006

黃崇儒(Chung-Ju Huang)；林榮輝(Jung-Huei Lin)；林啟川(Chi-Chuan Lin)；邵于玲(Jackie Y. L. Shao)

階層迴歸分析 ； 刻板印象 ； 自信心 ； hierarchical regression ； stereotype ； confidence

大專體育學刊

9卷4期（2007 / 12 / 31）

73 - 83

繁體中文;英文

本研究目的是探討女子棒球選手性別適合度知覺、壘球經驗、自覺能力對自我效能、運動動機的影響。研究對象為121名女性棒球運動員（平均年齡21.21歲，參與棒球運動年資兩年，有壘球訓練經驗者79名），在某賽會中每隊的第一場比賽前一個小時填寫自覺能力、性別適合度、運動動機、和自我效能等量表。資料經過多元階層迴歸分析後發現，自覺能力和壘球參與經驗是自我效能和內在、外在動機的重要預測變項；壘球參與經驗與自覺能力對無動機有交互作用存在；但是性別適合度知覺對自我效能和動機並沒有發現顯著的預測力。本研究結果是部分符合自我效能和勝任動機理論的預測，自覺能力較高者會有較高的效能水準以及較積極的參與活動意願。其次，因為棒球與壘球技術有很多相似之處，有先前壘球訓練經驗的選手有較多的成就表現和替代經驗訊息來源可參酌，顯示出較高的自我效能水準；在動機方面，有壘球經驗的選手顯示出較低水準的自我決定，較高水準的外在調節和認同調節；同樣地，在自覺能力高的群體中，有壘球經驗者也顯示出較高的無動機；這些現象似乎是與長期投入訓練、身心倦怠和缺乏樂趣有所關聯。最後，性別適合度知覺並未對自我效能和運動動機有預測效果，先前研究將此變項視為一種替代經驗，本研究則發現個體在實際參與活動後，因為技術熟練、可參酌訊息增加、較能適應棒球活動需求，原先的性別不適合知覺或刻板印象可能會減少，所以對自我效能和動機的影響力變得較微弱。

This study investigated the effects of gender appropriateness, and prior softball experience on self-efficacy and motivation of female baseball players. One hundred and twenty-one participants (79 with softball participation experience) were recruited from eight teams. Besides demographic information, a four-part questionnaire regarding gender appropriateness, perceived competence, motivation, and self-efficacy was administered an hour before the first game of each team in a tournament. Results from the hierarchical regressions revealed that perceived competence was the significant predicator for both motivation and self-efficacy. In addition, prior softball experience predicted self-efficacy as well as external regulation, and identified regulation positively but intrinsic motivation negatively. There was also interactive effect of perceived competence and softball experience on amotivation. However, it was found that gender appropriateness contributed to neither selfefficacy nor motivation. The results supported the notions of the relevant theories that competence would be highly associated with efficacy expectation and participation motivation, and that achievement experience would be an influential factor in self-efficacy belief. Moreover, players with softball experience showed lower self-determination, higher externalcontrol motivation and more motiveless willingness toward baseball than those without softball experience. This might result from overtraining, burnout or lack of interest. Finally, the perception of gender inappropriateness might be eliminated due to improvement in skills and fulfillment with the demands of environment attributed to involvement.

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