台灣的氣象災害與防災策略

Weather Disasters and Preventive Strategies in Taiwan

陳正改(Joe C. K. Chen)

《中華防災學刊》 3卷2期 (2011/08) Pp. 120-132

https://doi.org/10.30052/JTDPS.201108.0001

摘要

台灣近二十五年(1985~2009)來，平均每年氣象災害之直接損失即達新台幣163億元以上，相當於國民生產毛額(GDP)的0.14%，每人平均每年負擔新台幣705元。這些損失主要是由颱風及豪雨（包括梅雨）所造成；綜合颱風和豪雨造成台灣的氣象災害損失即達97%，由此可見颱風及豪雨對台灣的經建成長之危害是相當的嚴重。為減輕氣象災害所造成的損失，以厚植國力，中央氣象局近年來即積極採取下列具體的防災策略：（一）加強災害性天氣監測能力～1.汰煥及增設台灣地區自動雨量及氣象遙測系統；2.建置區域降雨雷達網；3.更新氣象衛星資料接收系統；4.建置東沙島剖風儀站；5.建置東沙及馬祖浮標站。（二）強化災害性天氣預報能力～1.執行「災害性天氣監測與預報作業建置計畫」；2.推動「發展鄉鎮逐時天氣預報系統計畫」；3.執行「佈建海象監測網及精進海象預報計畫」。（三）加強與國內政府機關合作。（四）加強國際合作與擴大國際參與。（五）加強氣象服務，落實「生活有氣象」的願景。

關鍵字

災害性天氣 ； 氣象災害 ； 防災策略

並列摘要

Taiwan suffers meteorological disasters every year with annual direct losses exceeding 16 billion NT dollars on average over 1985~2009, which accounts for about 0.14% of its GDP or NTD705 incurred by each citizen annually. And 97% of these losses were mainly caused by typhoon and heavy rain damage (including from Mei-Yu)With a view to reduce national losses caused by meteorological disasters, the Central Weather Bureau has been devoted to tasks based on the following strategies:1. Reinforce monitoring of hazardous weather phenomena: a. Reconstructing Automatic Rainfall Observing Network of Western Taiwan; b. Create a regional rain radar network; c. Renewal of Satellite Data Receiving and Processing systems; d. Install Dongsha wind profiler; e. Set up new buoy stations at Dongsha and Matsu.2. Enhance forecasting of hazardous weather systems: a. Conduct the Hazardous Weather Monitoring and Forecasting Systems Enhancement Project; b. Undertake the Township Hourly Weather Forecasting System project; c. Integrate the marine meteorological observation system and improve related information service3. Strengthen liaison with related government agencies4. Expand international cooperation5. Facilitate meteorological service to mingle with daily life

並列關鍵字

Hazardous Weather ； Meteorological Disasters ； Preventive Strategies