電子票證數據解析公車組合調度優化方案

Optimal Design of Bus Operation Combining Express and Local Services based on Smart Card Data

焦宇翔(YU-XIANG JIAO)

指導教授 ： 張學孔

共同指導教授 ： 闕嘉宏(Charles Chueh)

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202004025

摘要

在一般市區公車營運過程中，客流在時間、空間、方向上分佈不均衡特性易引發運力與運量不協調的問題。因此研究城市常規公車組合調度方式，實施快慢不同營運組合的調度模式，對提高公車營運效率和服務品質具有重要意義。
本研究以臺北市聯營307路線爲例，相較於傳統的人工調查法，利用電子票證數據分析了307路線的客流數據，探究307路線的出行人群結構，時間分佈特徵，空間分佈特徵以及轉乘特性。基於307路線客流數據和營運現況的初步分析，顯示307路線滿足大站快車和全程普通車組合調度的實施條件。本研究進一步分析大站快車的開設時間、方向和停靠站點等運行參數，提出大站快車站點選擇的依據和步驟。
在運力不變的模式下，本研究提出新的全程普通車發車間隔，分出部分運力用於大站快車調度，在公車業者成本變化不大的假設下，以乘客等待時間最低為目標，建立大站快車與全程普通車組合調度模型，利用基礎靜態模型確定合適的發車配比和間隔，在通過考慮客流需求實時變化的動態模型，并利用損失函數自適應調整求得最佳解，最終得到優化後的組合調度方案。本研究基於乘客需求狀態、出行時間和擁擠度也進一步驗證所提方法優化公車組合調度方案之有效性，能夠具體提升乘客服務品質。

關鍵字

電子票證 ； 數據分析 ； 大站快車 ； 組合調度 ； 損失函數

並列摘要

In regular city bus system, the uneven distribution of passenger flow in time, station, and direction is likely to cause the problem of uncoordinated capacity and demand. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the management and service level of bus by studying the regular bus combination scheduling method, and implementing a strategy of combinning mainly served by regular stop bus service and limited-stop bus service.
This study aims to take the Route 307 in Taipei as an example. Instead of the traditional survey method, the smart card data is used to analyze the passenger flow of Route 307. Including exploring the population structure, time distribution, spatial distribution and transfer characteristics of Route 307.Through preliminary analysis of the passenger flow and operation status of Route 307, it satisfies the conditions for the implementation of the combined dispatch of limited-stop bus and regular bus services. Further analyze the operating parameters such as the operation time, direction and stops of the limited-stop bus, and put forward the basis and steps for choosing the stops.
In the assumption of fixed capacity, by adjusting the departure interval of the regular bus, part of the capacity is allocated for limited-stop bus. With the assumption of same operator cost, an optimization model of combining limited-stop bus and regular bus scheduling model is developed with the objective of minimum passender waiting time.In terms of solving method, this study applies the basic static model to determine the appropriate departure ratio and interval, considering the dynamic model of passenger flow in real-time changes, and using the loss function to find the best solution, and finally get the optimized combined scheduling schemes. The extra waiting time, travel time and congestion of passengers also verify the effectiveness of this model.

並列關鍵字

Smart Card ； Data Analytics ； Express Bus ； Combined Scheduling ； Loss Function

參考文獻

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