非接觸式智慧卡對公車業者之效益分析

Benefit of Using Contactless Smart Card for Bus Operator

徐景揚(Ching-Yang Hsu)

指導教授 ： 曹壽民

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2005.01263

摘要

民國九十一年六月悠遊卡開始發行，自此大台北地區的公共運輸工具進入了「e世代」，悠遊卡整合大台北地區捷運、聯營公車、公有路外停車場的電子票證制度，悠遊卡採非接觸式刷卡，較以往的儲值卡更為為迅速與安全，其預期效益可分為使用者效益、運輸業者效益與政府管理者效益三方面，惟以往文獻在效益分析時，非接觸式電子票證尚未實施或初實施，未考量不同收費方式路線及乘客驗票行為造成的影響。
本研究從公車業者的角度，分析悠遊卡實施後業者的成本節省效益，應包括車輛購置成本節省、行車人員成本節省、燃油消耗成本節省、現金票證處理成本節省及減少司機吃票及現金營收損失等效益。
透過實際乘車調查方式，量測不同時段的行駛時間特性及乘客上下車人數，並加以分析及比較上車收費與下車收費方式造成的差異。調查結果發現，車門打開供乘客上下車的時間佔旅行時間比例相當低，尖離峰不同時段、乘客人數多寡及收費方式均會影響公車靠站車門打開時間。
研究結果發現，公車業者可獲得成本節省效益，與其他文獻相比較約2至10倍的差異，但與乘客所獲得之效益相比，乘客效益約是公車業者效益的2.6至7.8倍。分析乘客效益與公車業者效益差異的原因，在於乘客數遠大於公車的數量，因此，乘客對於非接觸式智慧卡的接受度遠較公車業者為高，而全面取消投現，對節省行車時間效益有限，但對乘客使用習慣影響甚大，應審慎評估，在改善公車營運環境方面，應由縮短行車時間與減少號誌延滯時間著手，較具效益。

關鍵字

非接觸式智慧卡 ； 悠遊卡 ； 電子票證 ； 公車 ； 效益

並列摘要

Taipei Easycard was issued in June 2002. Since then, Taipei metropolis public transportation has entered an ‘e generation'. Taipei Easycard combines the electronic fare systems of Taipei Metro, Co-operation Buses and Public Off-Road car parks. Its contactless feature is different from the conventional magnetic card. It is more timesaving and safer. Its expected benefit can be into three aspects, government administrators, users and transport operators. However, the contactless payment had not been implemented yet by the time past documents were analyzed for the benefits of such a system. Therefore, the influences caused by different charge method routes and passenger tickets examination had not been considered.
In this study, the cost-saving effects for Taipei bus operators after the introduction of Easycard were analyzed. The benefits include the cost saving of vehicles cost, drives cost, fuel cost, cash handling cost, drivers theft, cash loss…etc.
Time-saving effects were analyzed by observing the bus route. In this research, different running time characteristics and the number of passengers were examined, then different charge methods were allows the passengers to get on or get off actually takes a low proportion of their traveling time. In addition, the difference of peak and off-peak time, passenger number and charge methods all play a role.
The result of the study is that, bus operators can obtain the cost-saving effect for about 2 to 10 times that of the past documents. However, when comparing with the benefits for the passengers, the benefit for the passengers is about 2.6 to 7.8 times that of the bus operators. Such a difference lies in the fact that buses were outnumbered by the passengers. Therefore, passengers’ acceptance for the contactless smart card is higher than that of bus drivers. On the other hand, canceling coin payment has a limited effect on saving the driving time but a great one on passengers’ using habits. As a result, it should be evaluated carefully. As for improving the bus running environment, it should be effective to shorten the driving time and reduce the signal delay.

並列關鍵字

contactless smart card ； Easycard ； electronic fare system ； bus ； benefit

參考文獻

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