實施混農林業政策之關鍵因素探討-以臺大實驗林為例

Key Factors Affecting the Implementation of Agroforestry Policy-A Case Study on the Experimental Forest of NTU

趙淑芬(Shu-Fen Chao)

指導教授 ： 陳郁蕙

共同指導教授 ： 王亞男

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/農業經濟學研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.11311

摘要

國內林業經營環境改變、經濟發展及社會變化、林木與竹材價格低迷不振，林農紛將林地或山坡地改以種植經濟收益較高的作物，引發濫墾、超限利用等問題。林地之生態環境、水土保持功能直接受影響，造成國土保安、森林環境破壞。為了兼顧林農生活與森林之永續經營，臺大實驗林管理處自2010年研擬「既有已混農使用事實之契約林地進行混農林業使用之可行性研究」評估計畫。主要研究目的包括混農林業可行性評估、混農林業施行前後影響環境分析、土地利用現況問題分析及法規政策面分析。
本研究亦利用層級分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP），將可能影響混農林業可行性之關鍵因素，建構「生態」、「經濟」、「技術」、「執行」等四個構面以及十七項評估指標，來評估實驗林施行混農林業之可行性。故針對實驗林轄區內契約林農做有關施行混農林業認知調查，依據其結果及過去相關文獻研擬架構並設計層級分析法之問卷，再對相關人員進行問卷調查，輔以決策群體（Expert Choice）的軟體應用，對混農林業施行影響因素進行評析，分析出各關鍵因素的權重與排序，進而找出影響施行的關鍵因素。研究結果顯示，林業機關及學者專家之意見相同，一致認為重要性程度以「生態面」為首要構面，其次是「經濟面」；而契約林農則認為以「經濟面」為首要構面，其次是「技術面」。而契約林農因以栽植作物為經濟收入來源，故立場不同而對各構面重要性排序和林業機關及學者專家之意見有不同的看法，故最終在對混農林業實施可行性之關鍵因素衡量時，對各評估指標之建議配分仍然應以整體之意見為主要依歸。

關鍵字

生態環境 ； 混農林業 ； 可行性評估 ； 層級分析法

並列摘要

Forest farmers are replacing the woods on sloplands with cultivated higher-value crops because of the alternations of the forestry-based industry, the transitions of business models, the changes of social value , and most importantly, the lack of profit potential. Yet, this is associated with estrepements and over-utilization of lands, which inflicts direct impacts on the ecological environment as well as soil and water conservation, resulting in uncontrolled deforestation and the destruction of national land conservation. To ensure the sustainability of forestry and the income of the farmers, Experimental Forest of NTU has been planning for "Research on the Feasibility of Agroforestry Practice in Contract Woodlands Practicing Agriculture" since 2010. The main purposes include assessing the feasibility of agriforestry, defining the environmental impacts before and after its utilization, current issues of land use and regulatory factors.
In this study, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) brought together the key factors that had the potential to influence the feasibility of agroforestry and constructed four dimensions, namely, “ecology”, “economics”, “technology”, and “implementation,” along with 17 assessment indicators, to assess the feasibility of agroforestry implemented in the experimental forest. Based on the results and relevant past literature, an AHP questionnaire was constructed and designed. Through a questionnaire survey administered to related personnel, coupled with Expert Choice software applications, the factors contributing to the implementation of agroforestry underwent analysis and assessment in order to analyze the weights and sequence of the key factors and find the critical factors affecting implementation. Findings show that forest government sectors and specialists from academia shared the same opinion, with all of them deeming “ecology” as being the major dimension in terms of its degree of importance, followed by the “economics.” Contract forestry farmers deemed the “economics” to be the most important dimension, followed by the “technology.” Contract forestry farmers had a different standpoint because crops are their main source of income. These individuals’ opinions and views on the sequence of importance of the dimensions differed when they were compared to those of the forest government sectors and academia. Thus, in the end, when measuring the critical factors contributing to the feasibility of implementing agroforestry, the opinions of all of the experts still served as the basis for the recommended distribution of the assessment indicators.

並列關鍵字

Ecological Environment ； Agroforestry ； Feasibility Assessment ； Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

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