交叉路口兩車肇事鑑定預測模式之研究

The Study on Predict Model of Two Vehicles Accident Authentication at Intersection

林文賢(Wen-Hsien Lin)

指導教授 ： 范俊海

淡江大學/管理學院/運輸管理學系碩士班/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2007.01029

摘要

當交通事故( Traffic Accident )發生時，因需保持肇事現場狀況，所以無法立即將車輛移動；或因警察處理交通事故時間過久，進而影響交通流量( Traffic Flow )。再者各區車輛車輛行車事故鑑定委員會由法律、車輛工程與交通工程三方面專家所組成，而每位鑑定委員對於法律認知不同、解讀見解不一或跡證不足而對肇事鑑定( Accident Authentication ) 的結論產生爭議及審件速度緩慢等問題。所以站在鑑定委員的立場上，若有較一致的肇事鑑定影響因素判斷順序之規則，可協助其進一步做肇事原因判定的工作，如此除能減少鑑定委員之間的爭議外，也能加速審查案件。此對於申請肇事鑑定的當事人與對造人，可以最快的速度判斷事故的肇事原因而節省寶貴的時間，是一個值得研究的課題。
綜合上述觀點，對於車輛事故肇事鑑定影響因素權重與建立預測模式的研究是有必要性，所以本研究將以分析交叉路口兩車肇事鑑定判定影響變數的重要度為主題，藉由台北縣區車輛車輛行車事故鑑定委員會所蒐集符合兩車交叉路口事故的273筆樣本資料，經過文獻評析將可能影響車輛事故肇事原因判定的十八種變數列出，運用客觀的判別分析統計方法來尋求影響肇事鑑定判定的變數共十二項變數，並設計成AHP問卷的三大構面十一項準則，透過全省各區車輛車輛行車事故鑑定委員等專家主觀的問卷填答中，分析各準則的權重與優先順序，來了解交叉路口兩車肇事鑑定判定影響變數的各個重要度。
最後本研究透過所構建的類神經網路預測模式與AHP預測模式做一整體的驗證與比較，結果顯示藉由客觀的類神經網路預測模式之判中率72.53%優於透過全省各區車輛車輛行車事故鑑定委員主觀意見所構建的AHP預測模式之判中率35.16% ，即表示類神經網路預測模式仍是目前較好的模式。另外運用類神經網路中平均絕對誤差率( MAPE )得知，以兩個隱藏層，在第一層有12個單元和第二層有7個單元時其MAPE值為19.12%，績效指標屬於良好的評估中可了解本預測模式符合分析交叉路口兩車肇事鑑定影響因素之判別準則。

關鍵字

交通事故 ； 肇事鑑定 ； 層級分析法 ； 類神經網路 ； 預測模式 ； 判中率

並列摘要

Since we have to maintain the traffic accident scene while Traffic Accident occurs or the police officer takes a lot of time dealing with the traffic accident, the traffic flow is certainly being influenced by accidents.
The Traffic Accident Appraisal Committee ( TAAC ) is composed of experts of three fields: experts on law, vehicle engineering and traffic engineering.
Members of TAAC will have quarrels on the conclusions of accident authentication due to different comprehension to the laws quoted and the insufficient evidences. To the perspective on the commissioners of TAAC, the identical criterions on priorities of the factors on accident authentication is necessary. It can not only reduce the quarrels of the commissioners but also speed up the investigates. And more over, it can assist commissioners to conclude the cause of the accident. Since the predict model can determine the cause of accidents fast and accurate , saving litigants’ valuable time, it is obviously a classic issue for us to dig into.
To the perspectives above, the study on building the predict model and determining the weight of vehicle accident authentication effective factors is necessary. Taking analysis the priorities of vehicle accident authentication effective factors as this study’s main idea, through the 273 sample data collected from TAAC of Taipei country which conform with the definition of two vehicles accident at intersection, listing the 18 variables that may effect the judgments on the cause of accident authentication by literature review. Using discriminant analysis to conduct 12 variables that effect the accident authentication. Using the information above, designing an AHP questionnaire that contains three aspects and eleven criteria. By the subjective opinions of commissions from different TAAC of Taiwan filled in the questionnaire, we can analysis the weights and the priority of each criteria and get to know the importance of effective variables of two vehicle accident authentication at intersection.
This study compared the two predict models conduct by neural network and AHP model. The result showed that the Neural network predict model has the accurate of 72.53%, which is much better than the AHP predict model with the accurate of 35.16%. The conclusion showed that the Neural network predict model is so far a better model on this subject.
Using MAPE of neural network method we got MAPE=19.12% while the first layer with 12 units and the second layer with 7 units. The evaluation result with good preference shows that the predict model conform the criteria of two vehicles accident authentication effective factors.

並列關鍵字

Traffic Accident Accident Authentication ； Analytic Hierarchy Process ( AHP ) ； Artificial Neural Network ( ANN ) ； Predict mode ； hit ratio

參考文獻

【7】 張新立、張則斌，「我國車輛行車事故鑑定制度之研擬與評估」，運輸計劃季刊，Vol.31 No.3 頁523-552，民國九十一年

【20】 馮正民、邱裕鈞，「研究分析方法」，建都文化事業股份有限公司，民國九十三年。

【13】 湯儒彥、 羅孝賢，「道路交通事故的路權理論探討」，中華民國運輸學會第十五屆學術研討會論文集，民國八十九年。

【31】 廖經泰，「層級分析法於群體決策偏好整合之研究」，國立成功大學工業與資訊管理學系碩士論文，民國九十五年。

【35】 林育瑞，「利用類神經網路構建機車車流模式之研究」，成功大學交通管理科學研究所碩士論文，民國九十一年。