永康市為台南縣都市人口成長最快速的地區,然而目前平均每人可使用的公園及綠地面積僅0.16平方公尺,無法滿足日常生活所需,更難以因應災害發生時之緊急避難需求。災害緊急避難據點之區位配置考慮的因素包括:1.災害避難人口比率;2.道路通行能力判定方法;3.緊急避難據點合理服務範圍;4.緊急避難據點服務容量;及5.緊急服務優先順序等。本研究考量1~5因素,並透過永康市居民避難行為問卷調查方式,以假設性問題分析影響居民避難行為之因素,並掌握居民進行疏散的意願,以作為緊急避難據點規劃之參考。同時,藉由所調查之各需求點所在位置,與緊急避難據點間的移動距離遠近關係,透過問卷調查樣本點推估所代表人口數(量),並考量緊急避難據點之可容納規模量,推估各緊急避難據點之服務範圍與規模。最後,運用等候理論,考慮災害發生時之急救優先順序,結合區位分派模型,在限定的距離內使緊急避難據點所覆蓋範圍的需求量(避難行為相對弱勢)為最大,進行避難據點區位配置最適化之研究。
Yung-kang City is the fastest growing in Tainan County. However the per capita park and green field area is only 0.16 square metere. It is insufficient for daily life and evacuation when in emergency. The emergent evacuation shelter location problem considers: (1) refugees/residents ratio, (2) street network accessibility, (3) effective service area, (4) available capacity and (5) emergent service priority. This study applies (1) to (5) factors and questionnaires assuming disaster after quakes to review the residents'behavior of evacuation. Next all the samples are considered as demand points used to estimate the demand population around shelters. Therefore the service area and capacity of each shelter are analyzed by regression model explaining the relationship of service population and service distance. Finally priority queuing covering location problem considering evacuation disability are applied to find the optimum location of emergent shelter planning.