和平民族主義──從「終戰／敗戰紀念日」記憶探討戰後日本民族主義的內涵與轉變（1945～1972）

林彥瑜

doi:10.6342/NTU201702227

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和平民族主義──從「終戰／敗戰紀念日」記憶探討戰後日本民族主義的內涵與轉變（1945～1972）

Pacifist Nationalism — Commemorations of August 15 and Postwar Japanese Nationalism (1945-1972)

林彥瑜 , Masters　　Advisor：汪宏倫;黃長玲　　

繁體中文 DOI： 10.6342/NTU201702227

和平民族主義；民族主義；和平主義；戰後日本民族主義；終戰紀念日；第二次世界大戰；集體記憶； PACIFIST NATIONALISM ； NATIONALISM ； PACIFISM ； POSTWAR JAPANESE NATIONALISM ； AUGUST 15 ； WWII ； COLLECTIVE MEMORY

Abstract │ Reference (101) │ Altmetrics

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In 1945, Japan was defeated in World War II. Since then, government domination and public anti-war sentiment has turned a “Pacifist Nation” identity into Japan’s national ideal, making postwar Japanese nationalism “pacifist.” In fact, the collective memory of “defeat,” as the cultural origin of postwar Japanese nationalism, has two meanings: the death of old Japan and the birth of new Japan, which has created solidarity in people’s imagination of Japan as a “pacifist community.”
    Based on Benedict Anderson’s concept of an “Imagined Community,” this thesis analyzes how Japanese people “imagine” Japan as a Pacifist Nation at annual commemorations of “Defeat/War-End Memorial Day,” August 15. I show how popular media discourses have presented Japan as an “imagined Pacifist Nation” by surveying narratives in newspapers and political magazines published on August 15 from 1945 to 1972. I use the term “Pacifist Nationalism” to describe the empirical phenomenon of “imagining the community as a Pacifist Nation.”
    In order to study “Pacifist Nationalism” in postwar Japanese society, this thesis follows the institutionalist approach of Rogers Brubaker and Horng-Luen Wang, defining “nation” as “an institutionalized form, a category of practice, and a contingent event,” (Brubaker 1996) and further adding a temporal dimension. I analyze how discourses in newspapers and magazines of August 15 have represented people’s imagination of the community, Japan, as a Pacifist Nation, and thus explain the emergence, practice, and change of Pacifist Nationalism in Japan.
The main analysis of this thesis can be divided into two parts: the first part (Chapter 3) describes how “Pacifist Nation” discourse emerged in 1945, and how it was practiced through annual rituals and anti-war movements in the 1950s; the second part (Chapter 4) discusses how discourses changed and were divided, rather than united, under rapid economic growth from 1960 to 1972, when two main forces, the conservative intellectuals and the New Left Movement activists, proved at odds. Finally, in the conclusion (Chapter 5), I state how the case study of postwar Japanese nationalism complements Anderson’s “Imagined Community,” providing a more diversified perspective in contemporary scholarship on nationalism.

Reference ( 101 ) 〈TOP〉

汪宏倫，2001，〈制度脈絡、外部因素與台灣之「national question」的特殊性：一個理論與經驗的反省〉，《台灣社會學》，第1期，頁183-239。
連結：
────，2010，〈從《戰爭論》到《新歷史教科書》：試論日本當代民族主義的怨恨心態及其制度成因〉，《台灣社會學》，19: 147-202。
連結：
Samuels, R. J. & J. P. Boyd, 山岡万里子訳，2004，〈憲法九条にも九生あり？憲法論争の行方〉，《論座》，107: 174-183。東京：朝日新聞社。
連結：
────，2009，《戦後日本の平和教育の社会学的研究》。東京：学術出版会。
連結：
Billig, Michael. 1995. Banal Nationalism. London: Sage.
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