第2型糖尿病患飲食攝取和血糖控制之關係

Dietary Intake in Relation to Blood Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

郭怡伶(Yi-Ling Kuo)

指導教授 ： 林以勤

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/營養學研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2008.00056

摘要

糖尿病是一個需要持續不斷的醫療照護及患者本身必需配合長期做好自我管理及血糖監測的慢性疾病，以避免急性併發症的發生及減少長期併發症發生的危險因子。本研究目的是探討第2型糖尿病患者在穩定的藥物治療下，其六大類食物攝取份量、飲食攝取行為、體能活動情形等生活因子與血糖控制狀況之相關性。
研究對象為於嘉義地區財團法人區域教學醫院新陳代謝科接受降血糖藥物治療且定期追蹤之第2型糖尿病患者，在穩定的藥物治療下，分析其飲食攝取狀況、體能活動和血糖控制的情形。
結果發現，所有個案在奶類攝取上，男性為0.4 ± 0.6份，女性為0.6 ± 0.7份；蔬菜攝取上，男性為2.3 ± 0.9份，女性為2.5 ± 0.9份；主食類攝取，男性及女性分別為12.3 ± 2.5份，10.2 ± 2.4份；蛋豆魚肉類攝取6.8 ± 1.8份，5.1 ± 1.5份；水果類2.1 ± 1.1份，2.4 ± 1.3份；油脂類6.1 ± 1.6份，5.3 ± 1.6份；其中奶類和蔬菜類的攝取量低於行政院衛生署「每日飲食指南」的建議攝取量，蛋豆魚肉類和水果類則高於建議攝取量。以糖化血色素7.0 % 作為血糖控制好壞的分界點，結果顯示血糖控制不佳的男性，油脂的平均攝取量明顯高於血糖控制較佳者( p = 0.04) ，而女性血糖控制不佳者則是在水果的攝取上明顯多於血糖控制較佳者( p = 0.035)。
均衡健康的飲食是糖尿病飲食的基礎，大部分患者都只會注意
到減少甜食或主食類的攝取，卻忽略過量油脂的不利影響，在低油、低糖的飲食原則下，攝取適量的水果、奶類和足夠的蔬菜以增加膳食中的纖維質，應是在日後飲食教育中加強的重點。

關鍵字

血糖 ； 第2型糖尿病 ； 飲食

並列摘要

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease needs to have medical treatment and needs to have self-monitoring blood sugar for long time in order to prevent complications. The purpose of this study is to examine the relations between the life style of food groups intake, dietary behaviors, physical activity and blood sugar control with type 2 diabetes patients.
The subjects of this study are type 2 diabetes patients who are regular follow up at outpatient department of metabolism and under the medical treatment at Chia-Yi region hospital. The research is to investigate the effects of dietary intake and physical activity on blood glucose control.
The results of each food group intake of male and female patients are milk 0.4 ± 0.6 servings and 0.6 ± 0.7 servings , vegetable 2.3 ± 0.9 servings and 2.5 ± 0.9 servings, cereal food 12.3 ± 2.5 servings and
10.2 ± 2.4 servings, meat food 6.8 ± 1.8 servings and female 5.1 ± 1.5 servings, fruit 2.1 ± 1.1 servings and 2.4 ± 1.3 servings, oil 6.1 ± 1.6 servings and 5.3 ± 1.6 servings. The amounts of oil intake of male with sugar poor control, HbA1C＞7.0％ , are higher than sugar good control ( p＝0.04 ). The amounts of fruit intake of female with sugar poor control, HbA1C＞7.0％, are higher than sugar good control (p＝0.035 ).
Diabetic diet is a healthy and balanced diet, most patients will only notice to decrease the intake amounts of sweet and cereal food, but neglect the adverse effects of excessive oil intake. Under the principles of low fat, less sugar diet control, patients need to intake right amount fruit, milk and to achieve enough dietary fiber by increasing vegetables intake, it should be a focal point that will strengthened in diet education in the future.

並列關鍵字

sugar ； type 2 diabetes mellitus ； diet

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