從歷次震害調查發現,老舊校舍建築物因結構系統或施工品質不良,導致受損情況相當嚴重。然而,在地震災害發生後,校舍建築物又必須提供避難場所使用,因此校舍建築物耐震能力評估與補強實為當務之急。 本文依據ATC-40所提出的容量震譜法,探討中小學既有老舊校舍耐震能力,並針對耐震能力不足之原因進行補強,以提升其側向抗剪強度及勁度。此外,本文以實際工程案例探討目前常用之校舍建築耐震補強工法包含(1)翼牆(2)擴柱(3)剪力牆等傳統RC補強工法之優缺點。 傳統翼牆由於植筋時必須彎折以閃避既有梁主筋,因此本文提出改良型與柱同深之翼牆,可避免植筋彎折、改善澆注品質,同時有效提升校舍建築耐震能力;藉由耐震能力提升之效能與經濟性比較結果可知,採用RC剪力牆較具經濟性與,翼牆及擴柱次之,然而實際設計補強時,仍須考量校舍使用需求、動線安排與通風採光等因素,以規劃適當之補強方案。
From the investigation results after major earthquakes, we can find that old school buildings are seriously damaged due to poor structural system and quality. However, school buildings are required to provide as emergency refuges after an earthquake disaster. Therefore, seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing old school buildings are stringent necessary. Following the procedure of the capacity spectrum method in ATC-40, this thesis presents two practical engineering examples of school buildings to evaluate their seismic performance. In order to increase the lateral shear strength and stiffness of the structural system, three cost effective retrofit techniques are proposed. In addition, the efficiency and the cost of these three traditional RC retrofit methods (1) wing wall (2) RC jacketing and (3) shear wall are compared. It is shown that the retrofitted school buildings by applying RC shear wall is the most economical and effective retrofit method. Also, the RC jacketing and wing wall methods are still effective and suitable for school buildings.