醫療機構資淺護理人員生活品質相關因素探討

To Explore Quality of Life and Related Factors on Junior Nurses in Medical Institutions

陳國鳳(Kuo-Feng Chen)

指導教授 ： 莊昭華

長榮大學/健康科學學院/護理學系(所)/碩士(2017年)

摘要

背景:近年來護理人員生活品質受到重視，特別是工作經歷較缺乏的資淺人員。不同工作特質或職場感受，影響生活品質的程度也不同，因此本研究目的為探討醫療機構資淺護理人員的生活品質及其相關因素。
方法:本研究採橫斷式研究設計。以工作總年資六個月到兩年的醫療機構護理人員為對象，進行網路匿名結構式問卷調查，包括人口學資料、執業現況、工作特質、知覺壓力與生活品質。
結果:符合研究條件共114人，排除男性3人，有效問卷共111份。研究對象主要為未婚(89.2%)、25歲以下(72.1%)、教育程度為大學 (含以上) (86.5%)，執業現況以任職於醫學中心(55.0%)、非常態班(73.0%)、每週工時大等於40小時(73.9%)、工作總年資6-12個月(52.3%)、平均年薪少於50萬(74.8%)，和非急重症單(69.4%)占多數。20.7%的研究對象曾感受職場霸凌。「高壓力型」和「高知覺壓力組」各占36.0%和34.2%。研究對象整體生活品質的評價多為中等程度（60.4％），另外生活品質四個範疇，心理範疇得分最低(49.0)，而生理健康範疇最高(55.0)。將生活品質依各範疇分數之前段三分位數為切點分數，分為低高二組，低生理健康、心理、社會關係與環境範疇所佔比例分別為37.8﹪、37.8﹪、27.0﹪與25.2﹪。以各因素獨立來看，影響資淺護理人員生活品質低的相關因素包括感受職場霸凌、工作壓力、知覺壓力、主管支持、同事支持、教育程度，和工作單位等。控制潛在干擾因素後，知覺壓力與感受職場霸凌是資淺護理人員低生活品質顯著的相關變項。
結論:醫療機構資淺護理人員對整體生活品質與一般健康狀況評價多為中等，而影響其生活品質偏低的最重要因素為知覺壓力與感受職場霸凌。期望未來管理階層能對其工作負向感受和職場霸凌等因素，提供適當的介入措施，以提升資淺護理人員的生活品質。

關鍵字

醫療機構 ； 資淺護理人員 ； 生活品質

並列摘要

Background: In recent years, the quality of life of nurses raised attention, especially for nurses lacking of work experience. There was different impact on the quality of life due to different personal characteristics or feeling on job. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the quality of life and related factors on junior nurses in medical institutions.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. We recruited the nurses working in medical institutions with experience between six months to two years. Data was collected by the structured anonymous online questionnaire, including demographic information, practice status, job characteristics, perceived stress and quality of life. Data was analyzed by SPSS20.0.
Results: Total of 111 completed questionnaires were collected after excluding 3 male participants. Most of the participants were unmarried (89.2%), under the age of 25 years old (72.1%), with the university education level (86.5%). Over 70% participants worked 40 or over hours per week with the abnormal schedule. About 70% of nurses worked in non- acute severe units, and had annual salary of less than 500,000NT＄. 20.7% of nurses had the feeling of bullying in the workplace. Nurses grouped in "High pressure type" and "High perceived stress group" were 36.0% and 34.2%, respectively. 60.4% of nurses perceived their general quality of life as medium. The lowest and highest score in quality of life were the psychological domain (49.0) and the physical domain (55.0). The low grouped of the physical health, psychological, social and environmental domains were 37.8%, 37.8%, 27.0% and 25.2%.The factors related to the low quality of life of the junior nurses were workplace bullying, work stress, perceived stress, supervisor support, colleague support, educational level, and working unit. After adjusting potential confounders, the perceived stress and workplace bullying were the significant factors of the low quality of life of the junior nurses in medical Institutions.
Conclusion: Junior nurses in medical institutions perceived their general quality of life and general health status as medium. The perceived stress and workplace bullying were related to low quality of life. It is essential to provide appropriate intervention to improve the quality of life on junior nurses in future.

並列關鍵字

Medical institutions ； Junior nurses ； Quality of life

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