- 學位論文
友誼關係中原諒的多元面貌：從極大化傾向預測原諒
Forgiveness in Friendship: The Relationship Between Maximizer and Forgiveness
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摘要
過去已有諸多研究指出原諒受到多個因素影響，卻鮮少是從權衡利益的觀點剖析個體的原諒。本研究由社會交換理論的觀點切入，分別從特質傾向、生活中真實人際冒犯經驗及假想冒犯情境等面向，探討友誼互動中的原諒傾向，並特別關切追求人際交往中最佳利益的極大化者，在受到冒犯時的原諒意向。 本研究參與人數為155人，在研究說明會時，先填寫極大化傾向、寂寞感及寬恕特質量表，接著進行14天的日記記錄法，每天在睡前報告當天經歷到的冒犯事件，共計蒐集到500筆冒犯資料，後續在兩週內完成極大化傾向、寂寞感與冒犯事件想像情境問卷。研究結果顯示，無論在特質傾向或是假想冒犯情境中，極大化傾向與原諒皆呈負向關聯，且於假想情境中發現當極大化傾向愈高，愈視冒犯事件較為嚴重，也越不願意原諒冒犯者；此外，寂寞感也可有效調節極大化傾向與原諒間的關係，當個體處在低寂寞感的情況下，極大化傾向對原諒的負向效果相對明顯，而在高寂寞感的情況下相對減弱。 整體來說，本研究以多元的指標描繪出友誼互動中原諒的樣貌，並對極大化傾向者在面臨冒犯事件的反應傾向提供更深入的理解。
並列摘要
Previous studies suggested that forgiveness has multiple factors, but few have examined it from a cost-benefit perspective. The present study approaches this issue from the viewpoint of Social Exchange Theory, investigating forgiveness in friendship across personality traits, real-life interpersonal offense experiences, and hypothetical offense incidents. Focusing on those who seek to maximize interpersonal benefits. 155 participants completed the Maximizing in Selecting Friends Scale, RULS-6 and State Forgiveness Scale. Followed by a 14-day diary reporting daily offense experiences, yielding 500 offense records. Participants also completed the RULS-6 and imagined offense scenario questionnaire within two weeks. Results showed a negative correlation between maximizing in selecting friends and forgiveness in both traits and hypothetical offense scenarios. Furthermore, individuals with higher maximizing perceived offenses as more severe and were less willing to forgive in hypothetical offense scenarios. Loneliness also moderated the relationship between maximizing and forgiveness. The negative effect of maximizing on forgiveness was stronger among those with low loneliness and weakened among those with high loneliness. Overall, this study provides a multifaceted portrayal of forgiveness in friendship and insights into maximizers' responses to offenses.
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