Intake of added sugar in Malaysia: a review

马来西亚添加糖摄入量：一篇综述

Maria Sofia V Amarra ； Geok Lin Khor ； Pauline Chan

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 25卷2期 (2016/06) Pp. 227-240

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2016.25.2.13

摘要

“添加糖”是指在食品加工或准备过程中添加的糖和糖浆，或在餐桌茶桌上添加的糖和糖浆。呼吁限制每日添加糖及添加糖的来源是源自WHO、美国心脏协会和其他组织的证据分析。该综述分析了马来西亚不同年龄和不同性别人群中添加糖摄入水平及其来源的最佳可用的证据。信息是从食物平衡表、家庭消费调查、营养调查和已发表文献中提取的。全国范围内糖和添加糖的食物的摄入量在不同的时间、使用不同的评估方法得到的结果不同。2003年马来西亚成人营养调查（MANS）使用食物频率调查问卷的数据表明，马来西亚成年人平均每天食用30g加糖的浓缩牛奶（相当于16 g糖）和21 g的餐糖，二者合在一起低于WHO推荐的可以降低慢性病的患病风险的2000 kal/d能量中50 g糖的标准。已发表研究表明，对于成年人和老年人，经常食用的含糖饮料（茶或咖啡）有加糖的浓缩牛奶和添加糖。更准确的数据应通过开展人群研究，检测糖摄入的生物标志物（如24-h尿蔗糖和果糖排泄，血清稳定同位素^(13)C的丰度）确定糖摄入水平，以及多个24小时回忆确定添加糖的主要食物来源。

關鍵字

糖 ； 摄入 ； 添加糖 ； 来源 ； 马来西亚

並列摘要

The term 'added sugars' refers to sugars and syrup added to foods during processing or preparation, and sugars and syrups added at the table. Calls to limit the daily intakes of added sugars and its sources arose from evidence analysed by WHO, the American Heart Association and other organizations. The present review examined the best available evidence regarding levels of added sugar consumption among different age and sex groups in Malaysia and sources of added sugars. Information was extracted from food balance sheets, household expenditure surveys, nutrition surveys and published studies. Varying results emerged, as nationwide information on intake of sugar and foods with added sugar were obtained at different times and used different assessment methods. Data from the 2003 Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS) using food frequency questionnaires suggested that on average, Malaysian adults consumed 30 grams of sweetened condensed milk (equivalent to 16 grams sugar) and 21 grams of table sugar per day, which together are below the WHO recommendation of 50 grams sugar for every 2000 kcal/day to reduce risk of chronic disease. Published studies suggested that, for both adults and the elderly, frequently consumed sweetened foods were beverages (tea or coffee) with sweetened condensed milk and added sugar. More accurate data should be obtained by conducting population-wide studies using biomarkers of sugar intake (e.g. 24-hour urinary sucrose and fructose excretion or serum abundance of the stable isotope ^(13)C) to determine intake levels, and multiple 24 hour recalls to identify major food sources of added sugar.

並列關鍵字

sugar ； intake ； added sugars ； sources ； Malaysia