唐君毅先生對自由主義民主觀的反省－兼論其社群主義色彩

Tang Chun-I's Reflection on Liberalism and Democracy and the Communitarian Characteristics in Tang's Politcal Philosophy

吳有能(Yau-Nang Ng)

《鵝湖學誌》 51期 (2013/12) Pp. 1-37

摘要

眾所周知，當代港台新儒家基本上肯定民主與自由，譬如牟宗三提倡所謂「新外王」，就是要開出民主與科學；但當代新儒家並非盲目的接受西方民主自由；本文目標在呈現唐君毅先生對西方自由主義民主觀的反省與批判，並指出其立論頗有社群主義色彩。析而言之，本文目標有三，其一，以唐君毅先生觀點為主，說明他對民主自由觀的批判；其次，分析其所以然的深層立論基礎，並提出唐君毅映現的儒學五維關係性自我（Confucian five dimensions of a relational self），其三，嘗試說明唐先生的民主論述在一定程度反映了社群主義的色彩。當然本文無意論證儒家思想就是社群主義，也並非主張新儒家就只有社群主義色彩，本文只是要說明新儒家在包含其他思想特色之同時，也呈現部分社群主義的色彩。

關鍵字

唐君毅 ； 民主自由 ； 社群主義 ； 政治自由主義 ； 關係性 ； 鑲嵌性

並列摘要

Contemporary Neo-Confucianism basically asserts the importance of democracy and liberty. However, it does not accept these ideas without reservation. This article intends to demonstrate Tang Chun-I's reflection and critiques of the concept and practices of democracy and liberty and seeks to argue to the extent that, contrary to the mainstream interpretation, Tang's political philosophy reflects a strong communitarian characteristic. Compared to the ”atomic self” commonly presupposed in the individualistic tradition of liberalism, Tang's philosophy asserts a relational self which manifests in five dimensions.

並列關鍵字

Tang Chun-I ； Democracy and Liberty ； Communitarianism ； Political liberalism ； Relationality ； Embeddedness

參考文獻

Avineri, Shlomo(ed.),de-Shalit, Avner(ed.)(1992).Communitarianism and Individualism.London:Oxford University Press.

Bell, Daniel(1993).Communitarianism and its Critics.Oxford:Clarendon Press.

Bellah, Robert N.(1995).Community Properly Understood: A Defense of Democratic Communitarianism.The Responsive Community.6(1)

de Souza Soares, Philipp Alvares.Civil Society in Modern Democracies: Definition, Impact on Democracy and Critical Assessment.

Graham, Gordon(1999).Liberalism and Democracy.Journal of Applied Philosophy.9,156.