氣候變遷引致南臺灣高屏地區偏遠河階聚落複合型土砂災害調查分析

An Investigation on the Characteristics of Compound Disaster Induced by Climate Change for Remote Terrace Communities at Kao-ping Regions in Southern Taiwan

蔡光榮(Kuang-Jung,Tsai) ； 李明熹(Ming-Hsi Lee) ； 廖怡雯(Yi-Wen Liao) ； 蔡雨（雨器）(Yu-Ling Tsai) ； 李佳諠(Jia-Xuan Li) ； 陳胡榮(Hu-Rong Chen)

《臺灣鑛業》 73卷3期 (2021/09) Pp. 30-47

摘要

臺灣整體氣候特徵屬於北太平洋副熱帶季風區，因受全球氣候變遷影響，引致極端降雨事件，致使坡地土砂災害日益加劇，嚴重影響臺灣各級產業發展，尤其以具高潛勢災害風險之臺灣偏遠河階聚落環境受創最為嚴重。依據行政院災害防救委員會（2012）報告，全臺灣共計有12個縣市具有偏鄉山區河階聚落，而南臺灣所轄高屏偏遠山區河階聚落約占全臺灣之12%，將近有24處。另依經濟部水利署2001年納莉及賀伯之颱風挾帶兩天連續累積最大降雨量達2,361公釐，已逼近世界極端降雨紀錄之2,467公釐，對高屏縣市所轄偏遠山區河階聚落之環境安全造成嚴重衝擊。另依據成功大學防災中心之統計資料更顯示，南臺灣偏遠山區河階聚落周圍之崩塌處數由2011年之359處已逐年增加至2017年之749處，崩塌總面積高達964.56公頃，此對偏遠山區河階聚落環境安全確實造成極大威脅。因此為期降低大規模複合型土砂災害對偏遠山區河階聚落居民之生命財產危害與其居住環境安全之調查評估分析，以及因應全球氣候變遷之偏遠河階聚落環境脆弱度分析，乃屬必要又由2011年臺灣氣候變遷科學報告指出臺灣地區連續48小時降雨延時之降雨超過600公釐之發生機率分級圖更顯示高潛勢風險致災區大多集中於高屏偏遠山區河階聚落，此為不得不嚴重面對之高致災聚落風險事實，因此對其環境脆弱度評估與致災特性調查分析，進而研擬具體可行之調適策略，方可有利於南臺灣高屏偏遠河階聚落之自主防災社區防災體系建立及其防減災策略之擬定。

關鍵字

氣候變遷 ； 極端降雨 ； 複合型土砂災害 ； 偏遠河階聚落

並列摘要

Taiwan is located at pacific-rim area and belong to sub-tropic to tropic weather characteristucs. Recently, extreme heavy rainfall caused by climate change induced compound disasters, such as flooding landslide and debris flow, are serious in Taiwan. There are almost 12% of total remoted terrace communities in Taiwan were occupied by Kaohsiung city and Pingtung county with the amount of 24 remote terrace communities in southern Taiwan. Most of these communities were frequently attacked by typhoons and thunder storms, which brought the accumulated heavy rainfall more than 1,000 mm within continuous 24 hours during the summer season .This crisis of compound disasters caused by heavy rainfall has damaged the environment systems, human lifes and public facilities. More than 649 landslides with total area of 964.56 ha affected by these disasters on the basis of field investigations executed by Disaster Prevention and Research Center (DPRC), National Cheng Kung University. To decrease the risk of these compound disasters attack these remoted terrace areas, the adaption strategy of environmental conservation, and environmental vulnerability analysis should be seriously concerned by Taiwan government. According to the historical record from water Resource Bureau of Economic Affairs indicated that these heavy rainfall events have brought more than 2,361mm rainfall amount within continuous 48 hours. These rainfall recordes is almost closed to the world record of 2,467mm. However, study on the behavior of compound disasters induced by extreme heavy rainfall has been seriously concerned by the government since 1986. This research was concentrated on the specific area of Kaohsiung city and Pingtung county. Hopefully, all results developed by this study can be used to enhance the disaster prevention capability for all remoted terrace communities located at Kao-ping region in southern Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Climate change ； Extreme rainfall ； Sediment disasters ； Remote mountainous community