四國海軍因應長江上游航行安全問題採取的聯合行動(1920-25)

應俊豪

doi:10.29457/SJH.200912.0004

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DOI： 10.29457/SJH

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四國海軍因應長江上游航行安全問題採取的聯合行動(1920-25)

Joint Naval Action of Four Powers in Response to Shipping Securities on Upper Yangtze, 1920-25

應俊豪(Chun-Hao Ying)

東吳歷史學報； 22期 (2009 / 12 / 01) ， P169 - 224

繁體中文 DOI： 10.29457/SJH.200912.0004

長江上游航行安全問題；上海四國海軍會議；砲艦外交；排外運動；布爾什維克宣傳；華盛頓會議； Shipping security problems on upper Yangtze ； Conference of 4 powers' naval commanders in Shanghai ； Gunboat diplomacy ； Anti-foreign movement ； Bolshevik propaganda ； Washington Conference System

Abstract │ Reference (48) │ Times Cited (3) │ Altmetrics

Abstract 〈TOP〉

Parallel Abstract 〈TOP〉

Shipping security problem on upper Yangtze is getting worse in the first half of 1920s. Under the Washington Conference System, Britain, United States, France and Japan try to take a joint military action to protect foreign interest. This kind of action seems to be strong but does not work effectively due to the circumstances, such as old and scarce gunboats, internal quarrels, and the discord of military cooperation. It is doubted whether the highhanded joint naval demonstration of foreign powers can really stop Chinese soldiers and bandits from firing on foreign steamers. Besides, civil wars in Szechuan and Hupei also challenge foreign navies' ability and prestige. Furthermore, the enhanced naval interference may violate Chinese sovereignty for some parts. Especially foreign gunboats' patrolling on internal waters in a high profile, deploying blue-jacks on merchant vessels, or sending marines on land to carry out protecting mission will definitely trigger Chinese nationalism's indignation. Sometimes gunboats or blue-jacks on vessels may over react to the firing from ashore and incur innocent civilian casualties, that will result in local residents' wrath. If this kind of rage is agitated intentionally, hatred of foreigners will increase and spread out, and a new wave of anti-foreign sentiment and boycott follows. In other word, the joint exhibition of foreign naval force may foment new national resentment instead of solving shipping security problems. Thus, the validity of Washington Conference System is also doubted.

Reference ( 48 ) 〈TOP〉

應俊豪(2009)。長江上游航行安全問題與美國駐華海軍的因應之道(1920-1925)。國史館館刊，20，123-172。
連結：
應俊豪(2008)。談判桌上的海權劃分：五國海軍會議(1921-1922)與戰間期的海權思維。國立政治大學歷史學報，30，119-168。
連結：
Naval Intelligence Division, Naval Staff, Admiralty, Secret Admiralty Weekly Intelligence Summary (W.I.S.), The National Archives, The Cabinet Paper, 1915-1978
(1924)。洋商船全副武裝航行內河。嚮導週報，52，392。
(1923)。時事采集，國內之部：與護路案同時，又盛傳一長江警備案。來复，270，8。

Times Cited ( 3 ) 〈TOP〉

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