內化問題傾向兒童輔導之介入策略研究

A study of school counselors' intervention strategies on elementary school children with internalizing problems

李昱德(Yu-Te Lee)

《應用心理研究》 74期 (2021/06) Pp. 1-55

https://doi.org/10.3966/156092512021060074001

摘要

本研究透過九位資深輔導教師處理內化問題傾向個案的成功經驗，以質性分析整理資料，瞭解輔導教師協助內化問題傾向個案適應學校的有效策略。協助策略分三階段，每階段介入成效元素發現如下：第一階段：觀察、跟隨的態度，以藝術與遊戲媒介促進個案表達幫助同理，建立安全感與關係。第二階段：加入語言治療技術的介入，發掘個案優勢與特質，鼓勵與讚美，營造安全依附與個體化，自我覺察正向經驗。第三階段是個案設計邀請同儕計畫。成效元素為：滿足人際需求，提升自我效能感，提振自信轉為正向思考，產生策略遷移回班級系統加強適應。

關鍵字

內化問題 ； 藝術與遊戲媒介運用 ； 邀請同儕計畫

並列摘要

This qualitative study examines the effectiveness of intervention strategies for helping children with internalizing problems based on the successful experiences of nine school counselors. Interventions can be divided into three phases. The key success factors at each phase of the intervention are as follows. At the first stage, adopting an observing and going along attitude, using art and game media to promote client expression and establish security and rapport. At the second stage, incorporating language therapy in the intervention to discover client strengths and characteristics, through encouragement and praise, creating safe attachment, individualization, and self-awareness of positive experiences. The third stage is the design of the peer-play plan. The key success factors are: satisfying interpersonal needs, improving self-efficacy, boosting self-confidence in positive thinking, and transferring back to the class system to enhance adaptation.

並列關鍵字

art and game media ； internalizing problems ； peer-play plan

參考文獻

吳明富（2010）：《走進希望之門—從藝術治療到藝術育療》。臺北市：張老師出版社。[Wu, M. F. (2010). Entering the door of hope-From art therapy to art education. Taipei City, Taiwan: Living Psychology Publications.]

張芬芬（2010）：〈質性資料分析的五步驟：在抽象階梯上爬升〉。《初等教育學刊》，3 5卷，87-120。[ Chang, F. F. (2010). The five steps of qualitative data analysis: Climbing up a ladder of abstraction. Journal of Elementary Education, 35, 87-120.]

陳怡群、黃惠玲、趙家琛（修訂）（2009）：《阿肯巴克實證衡鑑系統：計分指導手冊》。臺北市：心理出版社（原著出版 ：2001）。[Achenbach, T. M. (2009). Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) (Chen, Y. Q., Huang, H. L., & Zhao, J. C. revised). Taipei City, Taiwan: Psychological Publications (Original publication year: 2001).]

陳毓文（2003）：《危險因子、保護因子與少年內化及外化問題之相關性探究》。行政院國家科學委員會補助專案研究計畫，國立台灣大學研究計畫編號NSC 91-2412-H-002-007-SSS。臺北：行政院國家科學委員會。[Chen, Y. W. (2003). A Research on the relevance of risk factors, protective factors and juvenile internalization and externalization. (Rep. No. NSC 91-2412-H-002-007-SSS). Taipei City, Taiwan: National Science Council.]

陸雅青（2000）：《藝術治療團體實務研究─以破碎家庭兒童為例》。臺北市：五南圖書公司 。[Lu, Y. Q. (2000). Practical research on art therapy groups: Taking children from broken families as examples. Taipei City, Taiwan: Wunan Book Company.]