低污染噴射引擎機車成本效益評估之研究

探討台灣地區原使用一般化油器引擎機車更換為噴射引擎機車之污染改善成本與效益，同時再進一步針對噴射引擎機車推動發展環境特性進行分析。採用維度(dimension)的觀念，依照使用者、業者與社會成本為維度，建立相對成本評估表，計算出噴射引擎機車推動發展環境特性成本值總合。基於成本效益分析的觀念，決定是否要將該類的成本或效益納入機車噴射引擎成本效益分析系統中，以符合推動發展之環境特性。噴射引擎機車之推廣，全台每年約可節省燃油費用約新台幣1,547,181,141元，並可減少CO2、CO及HC+NOx空氣污染處理費用約新台幣943,877,803元，其總效益高達24.9億元。噴射引擎機車的使用者成本較化油器機車高約每年286~418元，若要鼓勵化油器機車改為噴射引擎機車，應該再提高噴射引擎機車的社會成本效益，才可考慮補貼。此政策建議對於國內噴射引擎機車之推廣策略將可發揮更大功效。

關鍵字

噴射引擎機車；成本效益分析；相對成本評估表

並列摘要

The work discusses the cost-effectiveness of traditional carbureted motorcycles and fuel-injected motorcycles. Pollution between technology and environment characteristics are considered in the dimensions of cost. The coordinate axes represent user cost, cost of repair and social cost. A relative cost evaluation form is developed, and the value of a fuel-injected motorcycle is determined. The strategies based on different user cost of the developing environments and the cost-benefit trade-off models are confirmed to four scenarios. The cost of adding a fuel injection system to replace a traditional carbureted motorcycle was determined and the reduced expense associated with a reduction in fuel consumption and exhaust emission was obtained. Based on total cost, if we convert all motorcycles to fuel-injected motorcycles in Taiwan use less NT$1,547,181,141 fuel per year, and the total reduction in costs of handling CO2, CO, HC and NOx pollution is NT$992,531,298. The total saving is 2.49 billion. The cost to the user of fuel-injected motorcycle is NT$286~418 more than that of the traditional carbureted motorcycle annually. Promoting the social benefits of fuel-injected motorcycles would be more feasible than providing subsidies directly.