職場性別公平現況與性別公平知覺對工作態度之影響－臺灣全國樣本之分析

The Perception of Gender Equality and Its Impact on Work Attitudes in Taiwan: Evidence from a National Sample

陸洛(Luo Lu) ； 謝碧霞(Pi-Hsia Hsieh) ； 潘君鳳(Chun-Feng Pan)

《管理實務與理論研究》 3卷3期 (2009/09) Pp. 78-102

https://doi.org/10.29916/JMPP.200909.0005

摘要

本研究以全國隨機取樣之823位長期正式編制人員爲對象，分爲二個研究主軸進行探討。主軸一探討不同工作相關項目上性別公平的現況，以及不同組織類型之性別公平現況的差異；主軸二以組織公平理論爲基礎探討性別公平知覺對員工工作態度的影響。主軸一的研究結果發現：臺灣職場普遍存在著對女性不公平的情況，組織規模較大、女性人數較多、公營及商業服務業的組織性別公平情況較高；主軸二的研究結果發現：性別公平知覺對員工之工作滿足及組織承諾有正向影響，對後者之影響尤以女性爲甚；性別公平知覺對員工之職家衝突也有負向影響，尤以女性爲甚；但無法證實性別公平知覺對員工之離職傾向有顯著影響。此外，研究中亦發現性別公平知覺與性別公平現況有正向相關。因此，本研究建議：若要提高員工性別公平知覺進而提高員工工作滿足及組織承諾，降低職家衝突，須由改善職場公平現況著手。

關鍵字

性別公平 ； 工作滿足 ； 組織承諾 ； 離職傾向 ； 職家衝突

並列摘要

This study comprises two parts: The first explores gender equality in the working environment and whether differences exist among different types of organizations; the second part employs the equity theory to explore the impact on work attitude and work stress when people become aware of unfairness in their treatment relative to the other gender. The findings of the first part show that there is discrimination against women in Taiwan's work environment, but larger, more female, publicly-owned and service trade industry organizations engage in gender discrimination to a lesser extent than other sectors. In another aspect of this study, we found that the employee awareness of equitable treatment for both genders increases employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment, while decreasing employee work-family conflict. The findings, however, did not support a finding that employee awareness of equitable treatment for both genders will impact an employee's intention to quit or work stress. The findings also showed employee awareness of equitable treatment for both genders correlated positively with the gender equality of work environment. According to all these findings, this study suggests that if an organization wants to increase employee awareness of equitable treatment for both genders, in order to increase employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment, while decreasing work-family conflict, with the organization should begin by increasing gender equality in the work environment.

並列關鍵字

gender equality ； job satisfaction ； organization commitment ； intention to quit ； work-family conflict

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