臺灣原住民族的動物故事

The Story of Aboriginal's Animal in Taiwan

巴蘇亞. 博伊哲努（浦忠成）(Ba Su Ya .bo Yi Zhe Nu (Zhong-Cheng Pu)

《民間文學年刊》 2期增刊 (2009/02) Pp. 347-373

https://doi.org/10.29455/MJWSNK.200902.0019

摘要

民間故事會曲折反映民族的生存環境以及其所遭遇的種種現象；臺灣原住民族各族群擁有的民間故事，主要在描述一些動物與昆蟲之間有趣的關係，人類與動物、植物、昆蟲之間發生一些稀奇古怪的事情，也會在這類故事出現。整體而言，描述一般社會階層地位間尖銳的對立與衝突的故事，在原住民的部落民間故事比較少見，這應該是部落社會組織較為簡單，人群間的並沒有複雜的利益關係存在，同時，部落社會不像已經擁有眾多人口的聚落都會，能夠提供讓兒童接受寓教於樂的空間與文藝產品。其實的情況大體是傳統的部落家庭，其所有成員包括兒童，都要從事本身可以擔負的生產活動，成年男女固然要負責農耕、漁撈與採集的工作，而年幼者也需要在旁協助勞役，或者進入草叢森林捕捉小型動物、採集果實野菜之類。這樣的環境條件不可能發展出大量的兒童娛樂與教育機制，卻仍然會產生特殊體裁與內涵的兒童敘事文學。民間故事在一般的認知，主要是要講給兒童聽的，它的娛樂性、教化性較強，內涵的虛構程度比較明顯；但是觀察臺灣原住民族各族群部落的故事敘述會發現，這些故事的聽眾並不全然侷限在兒童的層面，大人間也會在各類場合相互講述這類故事。人與昆蟲、動物、植物之間原本難以超越的鴻溝，藉由泛靈觀念（Animism）的中介，彼此間可以互通有無，也能變換形體。

關鍵字

臺灣原住民族 ； 民間故事 ； 動物故事 ； 植物故事 ； 昆蟲故事 ； 泛靈論

並列摘要

The folk story is complicated to response nationality's living environment as well as its encounters all sorts of phenomena. Taiwan indigenous various tribal grouping people have their own folk tales. It mainly describes the interesting relations between some animals and the insects. It happened some strange things between the humanities, the animals, the plants, and the insects. Also, it would appear in this kind of story. On the whole, the story describes the incisive opposition and conflict of common social class status. We are quite rare to see in aboriginal tribe folk tale. This should be simpler in the organization of tribal society.There is no complex interest relations and exists between crowds. Simultaneously, the tribal society is not as same as the numerous population accumulations of the city. The tribal can provide let the children accept the higher education of entertainment space and the literary products. Generally, the real situation is the traditional tribe family. Its all members include the child, must be engaged in the production activity. The grown-up men and women have the responsibility for the agriculture, the fishing work and gathering work. Even the infant children also need to assist the work with the adults or go into the thick patch of grass forest and catch the small animals. They gather some wild fruit and herbs and so on. As a result, this environmental condition is impossible to develop the massive entertainment and the education system for children. Nevertheless, it still brings the special body paragraphs and the connotation of children narrative literature.In general, people think the folk tale is mainly telling for children. Its entertainment and the enlightenment are stronger than others; the connotation degree of fictionalizes is quite obvious. But we can discover with observing Taiwanese indigenous various tribal grouping people of narration story. These stories's audience doesn't completely limit in child's layer. The adults would also tell about this kind of story each other in all kinds of situations. Originally, there is a difficult gap between people, the insects, the animals and the plants. By the Animism, we can communicate each other and can also transform the form and the structure.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan indigenous people ； folktale ； folktale of animal ； folktale of plant ； folktale of insect ； animism