高生物氣膠暴露職場之真菌及細菌特性調查

Characteristics of Fungi and Bacteria in Occupational Environments with High Bioaerosol Exposure

陳逸滄(Yi-Tsang Chen) ； 蘇千田(Chien-Tien Su) ； 莊媖智(Ying-Chih Chuang) ； 陳叡瑜(Ruey-Yu Chen) ； 洪粕宸(Po-Chen Hung) ； 趙馨(Hsing Jasmine Chao)

《勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊》 23卷2期 (2015/06) Pp. 123-136

摘要

許多職業環境中常有高濃度的生物氣膠暴露，如養殖場、堆肥業等，工作者易有呼吸道感染、肺功能下降、過敏等健康危害，是重要的職業衛生問題。本研究進行高生物氣膠暴露職場調查，以瞭解工作者的生物氣膠暴露狀況。本研究針對我國五類作業場所進行調查，包括花店、養雞場、養菇場、蔬菜園及堆肥場。採樣使用IOM sampler搭配polycarbonate濾紙以及Andersen N6 sampler在工作者主要工作場所進行真菌生物氣膠及細菌生物氣膠的區域採樣，並以直讀式儀器進行環境因子監測。五類職場生物氣膠平均濃度範圍分別為可培養細菌279～5.58×10^5CFU/m^3，可培養真菌428～5,132 CFU/m^3，內毒素15～2,343 EU/m^3，總真菌孢子2,134～4.60×10^5 spores/m^3，總細菌5.69×10^4～1.27×10^6 cells/m^3。整體而言，養雞場的生物氣膠濃度最高，各類職場生物氣膠的濃度有很大的變異。在本研究中，五種職場的生物氣膠濃度都相當高，因此應加強環境控制降低工作者生物氣膠暴露，並鼓勵工作者使用適當的個人防護具。

關鍵字

生物氣膠 ； 生物性職業危害 ； 職業衛生

並列摘要

Various occupational environments have high bioaerosol exposure, such as poultry farms, composting facilities, etc. Exposure to high levels of bioaerosols at workplace is a significant occupational health issue, which might result in respiratory infections, decreased lung function and allergies of the workers. Therefore, we investigated occupational settings with high bioaerosol levels to evaluate the exposure of workers. Five kinds of important occupational settings were investigated, including florists, chicken farms, mushroom farms, vegetable fields, and composting facilities. Area samplings of airborne fungi and bacteria were performed using the IOM sampler with polycarbonate filters and Andersen N6 sampler at the main work sites of the workers. Other environmental factors were monitored using direct-reading instruments. According to the results, the ranges of average bioaerosol levels of all workplaces were: culturable bacteria 279~5.58×105CFU/m^3, culturable fungi 428~5,132CFU/m^3, endotoxin 15~2,343EU/m3, total fungal spores 2,134~4.60×10^5spores/m^3, and total bacteria 5.69×10^4~1.27×10^6cells/m^3. Overall, chicken farms had the highest bioaerosol levels. The concentrations of bioaerosols had significant variation at different occupational settings. In this study, the bioaerosol concentrations were high in all of the study occupational settings. Thus it is important to reduce bioaerosol exposure of the workers through environmental control and proper use of personal protection equipment.

並列關鍵字

Bioaerosols ； Biological occupational hazard ； Occupational health

參考文獻

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists J(ed.), J(ed.)(1999).Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control.Cincinnati:ACGIH.

Douwes, J,Thorne, P,Pearce, N,Heederik, D.(2003).Bioaerosol Health Effects and Exposure Assessment: Progress and Prospects.The Annals of Occupational Hygiene.47(Suppl3),187-200.

Lenhart, SW,Cole, EC.(1993).Respiratory illness in workers of an indoor Shiitake mushroom Farm.Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.8,112-9.

Sastre, J,Ibanez, MD,López, M,Lehrer, SB(1990).Respiratory and immunological reactions among Shiitake (Lentinusedodes) mushroom workers.Clinical and Experimental Allergy.20,13-9.

Tsushima, K,Fujimoto, K,Yoshikawa, S,Kawakami, S,Koizumi, T,Kubo, K.(2005).Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to Bunashimeji mushrooms in the mushroom industry.International Archives of Allergy and Immunology.137(Suppl3),241-8.