從兩部經典到兩種「京」典－京劇改編莎翁經典之創作論

本文以兩部莎翁經典的京劇改編為例，探討當下跨文化改編後的莎劇魅力，意在揭示戲劇戲曲學中的一些創作規律及方法論。莎劇《溫莎的風流娘兒們》和《哈姆雷特》的京劇化改編代表了目前在該領域創作中不同題材作品所採取的兩種不同的改編理念和創作方法。演出效果顯示，觀眾不僅認可了這些「中西結合」的藝術結晶，並為莎翁經典的京劇魅力所深深感動。實踐成果證明西方戲劇的戲曲化改編是有路可尋的，關鍵在於找准契合點，將原著精華內容巧妙熔鑄於戲曲本體的表現形式中，將傳統元素與現代元素統一在戲劇經典在當今舞臺上的再創造中，其結果不僅能夠以民族戲劇的形式使世界戲劇經典被更多的當代觀眾所接受，同時又能以世界的戲劇經典向世人介紹中國京劇廣褒的藝術魅力。中國京劇這種高度程式性、歌舞性、寫意性的演劇形式將開掘出莎翁經典別樣的創作空間，使莎劇綻放出歷久彌新的光彩。

關鍵字

京劇；莎劇；改編；跨文化；提煉；解構；程式；再創造

並列摘要

This thesis takes two adaptations of Shakespeare's classics in Peking Opera as examples to discuss the charm of Shakespeare's works in intercultural adaptations. It is intended to reveal some of the creative rules, methodologies in theater and Chinese traditional opera. The adaptations of Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor and Hamlet in Peking Opera represent the two different concepts and methods that are currently used in the creation of different themes in this field. The performances show that the audience acknowledge the artistic crystallization of these 「Chinese and Western combinations」 and are deeply touched by the charm of Shakespeare's classics in Peking Opera. The practical results prove that there is a way to adapt Western theatre into Chinese traditional opera. The key lies in finding the appropriate points: the essence of the original work should be meticulously cast into the expression of the Chinese traditional opera itself, while the traditional and modern elements should be united in the recreating of theatrical classics on today's stage. As a result, not only can the world's theatrical classics be accepted by more contemporary audiences in the forms of their national theatre, but they can also use the world's theatrical classics to introduce the artistic charm of Chinese Peking Opera to the world. The high stylization, the singing and dancing characteristics and the freehand performance forms of Peking Opera will dig out the unique creative space of Shakespeare's and those masterpieces timeless bloom.

並列關鍵字

Peking Opera ； Shakespeare ； adaptation ； intercultural ； refine ； deconstruction ； recreate

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