- 期刊
炭化條件對孟宗竹與麻竹炭化物基本性質之影響（一）收炭率、收縮率、真密度及元素分析
Effects of Carbonization Condition on the Basic Properties of Charcoals Made from Moso Bamboo and Ma Bamboo-(I) Charcoal Yield, Shrinkage, True Density, and Element Analysis
摘要
本研究採用孟宗竹及麻竹經高溫爐炭化，炭化溫度為400℃至1600℃，間隔以200℃，並以1℃/min、3℃/min、5℃/min、10℃/min及20℃/min等昇溫速度，製成竹炭以進行各項竹炭之基本性質測試。孟宗竹經200℃至1600℃之高溫炭化後之收炭率，在200℃時為98.74～99.15％，之後隨著炭化溫度增大而驟降，在800℃以上時之收炭率漸趨穩定，至炭化溫度為1600℃ 時則減為25.68～27.68％，顯示竹炭之收炭率有隨著炭化溫度升高而減少的趨勢，麻竹亦有類似趨勢；另比較兩種竹炭經1℃/min、3℃/min及5℃/min等昇溫速度處理後之收炭率變化，並無顯著的差異；而其與10℃/min及20℃/min則有顯著性差異，顯示昇溫速度增高，竹炭之收炭率會降低。兩竹材未經炭化前之絕乾比重為0.70～0.72，經炭化溫度400℃炭化處理後降為0.30～0.49，而經過600℃以上炭化後之竹炭比重隨著炭化溫度增高而有略微增大的趨勢，至1200℃時其比重增為0.46～0.57；另竹炭之真密度隨著炭化溫度升高而增大，與竹炭之收炭率呈相反之趨勢；孟宗竹炭之真密度在炭化溫度1000℃時可達到1.882～1.957（g/cm^3），而麻竹炭則為1.919～1.977（g/cm^3），但當炭化溫度升至1600℃時，反而孟宗竹炭之真密度降低為1.347～1.416（g/cm^3），麻竹炭則為1.359～1.397（g/cm^3）。孟宗竹與麻竹經高溫炭化後，其三種方向（縱向、弦向與徑向）及體積收縮率均會隨著炭化溫度增高而增大，在400℃～800℃炭化溫度範圍會急速增大，但800℃～1200℃炭化溫度範圍則其增加趨勢已呈緩和；且有弦向＞徑向＞縱向的趨勢。經過高溫炭化後之孟宗竹炭與麻竹炭，其C元素含量均隨著炭化溫度的增高而有增大的趨勢，H與O則相反而呈減小的趨勢；孟宗竹炭經1600℃炭化後之C元素含量可達到98.38％，而麻竹炭則為96.48％。
並列摘要
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the basic properties of charcoals made from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubesenss) and ma bamboo(Denrdrocalamus latiflorus). The bamboo charcoals were carbonized at final temperatures ranging from 400℃ to 1600℃ and temperature increasing rate of 1℃/min, 3℃/min,5℃/min, 10℃/min and 20℃/min, respectively. Nitrogen at normal atmospheric pressure was induced into carbonizing chamber in all cases. The experimental results were summarized as follows: The yields of moso bamboo carbonized at final temperatures ranging from 200℃ to 1600℃ were different. When material was heated to 200ºC, the yield was 98.74% to 99.15%. The charcoal yield decreased sharply between 200℃ and 600℃, and yield appeared to steady at 24.18~28.76% at 1200℃. At 1600℃, yield was 25.68~27.68%. It showed that the yields of two bamboo charcoal decreased with the increasing of the final temperatures. Comparing the yields of two bamboos carbonized at three different temperature increasing rates of 1℃/min, 3℃/min and 5℃/min, it showed that there was no significant differences of charcoal yield among the three rates. However, it showed significant difference of lower temperature increasing rate than those from higher ones of 10℃/min and 20℃/min. The specific gravities of two bamboos were about 0.70~0.72, and decreased to 0.30~0.49 after carbonized at the final temperatures of 400℃. When carbonization temperature was above 600℃, the specific gravities of bamboo charcoals were slightly higher with the increasing of the final temperatures. At 1200℃, specific gravity appeared to be 0.46~0.57. The true densities of moso bamboo and ma bamboo carbonized at the final temperature of 1000℃ were 1.882~1.957 (g/cm^3) and 1.919~1.977 (g/cm^3), respectively. At 1600℃, true density dropped sharply to 1.347~1.416 (g/cm^3) of moso bamboo charcoal and 1.359~1.397(g/cm^3) of ma bamboo charcoal, respectively. The shrinkage of longitudinal, tangential, and radial directions and volume of two bamboo charcoals were found to increase with the final carbonization temperature rapidly between 400℃ and 800℃. It showed that it became steady from 800℃ to 1200℃ and the largest reduction was in the tangential direction while axial direction was the least one. The moso bamboo charcoal and ma bamboo charcoal after high temperature carbonization, the carbon contents of both charcoals increased with increasing carbonization temperature. On the contrary, the oxygen and hydrogen content decreased accordingly. The carbon content of moso bamboo charcoal after 1600℃ carbonization could reach 98.38%, and the figure for ma bamboo charcoal was 96.48%.