政治、權力與批判：民初劉師復派無政府團體的抵抗與追求

本文以民初劉師復派無政府主義團體的刊物為個案，說明他們的民權主張、無政府思想，透過雜誌形成一種思想動員的力量，是對政府當局的一種抵抗，也因而受到當局的迫害，甚至被貼上「過激派」的標籤。在這樣的政治風險之下，他們如何因應現實政治而產生新的能動性，甚至在津州推行文化運動，被譽為模範區，值得進一步考察。其次，在五四運動之後，除了抵抗政府之外，劉師復派無政府主義團體必須面對的新課題，是如何回應社會主義內部的路線之爭，尤其是與馬克思主義路線主張無產階級專政產生扞格的國家、權力、階級等問題。透過上述問題的思考，將有助於理解民初最富盛名及影響力甚大的劉師復派無政府主義團體，對中國政治道路的獨特洞見與追求。

關鍵字

劉師復；無政府主義；陳獨秀；馬克思主義

並列摘要

Drawing on a case study of various publications by anarchist groups affiliated with Liu Shi-fu in early Republic of China, this essay illustrates that those anarchist groups which chose to express their arguments for civil rights and anarchist ideas through publishing magazines in order to generate an impetus for ideological mobilization in their resistance to the nation state, were faced with subsequent suppression and coercion by the authority, and were being labeled as ＂radical groups.＂ It is then necessary to further investigate how these anarchist groups still managed to cope with such political reality and risks, to engender new initiatives, and even to promote cultural movements in Zhangzhou（漳州）. Nevertheless, it should be noted that in addition to resistance to governmental authority, the anarchist groups affiliated with Liu Shi-fu also had to cope with emerging issues in the aftermath of the May Fourth Movement, together with their own sort of problem of how to respond to fellow socialists' internal struggles over the blueprints or roadmaps, particularly those concerned with nation-state, power and class issues that were in conflict with ＂the dictatorship of the proletariat＂ enshrined by Marxism. This essay strongly suggests that a thorough thinking over these questions above with respect to the insight and pursuit of these anarchist groups affiliated with Liu Shi-fu would greatly facilitate further grappling with Chinese politics in early Republic of China.