不同嫁接方法對番茄嫁接苗品質之影響

Effect of Different Grafting Methods on Seedling Qualities of Grafted Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)

張允瓊(Yung-Chiung Chang) ； 陳世銘(Su-Ming Chen) ； 邱奕志(Yi-Chich Chiu) ； 林連雄(Lian-Hsiung Lin)

《宜蘭大學生物資源學刊》 1卷1期 (2004/12) Pp. 21-30

https://doi.org/10.6175/job.2004.11.12

摘要

為避免青枯病危害及增加植株對逆境的抗性，嫁接已成為台灣番茄苗之主要生產方式。然而，人工嫁接費工、費時，為求降低生產成本，應用自動化的嫁接作業模式來完成嫁接工作，已是重要的發展方向。本研究目的即在評估不同嫁接方法對番茄生育之影響，以找出較適於應用在機械操作之嫁接模式。本試驗材料接穗為台南亞蔬六號番茄，根砧為亞蔬EG203茄子。以套管、3M膠帶、棕刷毛、0.5mm鉛筆芯、塑膠刷毛、鐵絲等方法嫁接，探討不同嫁接方法對番茄嫁接苗生育之影響。其中除套管以斜切方式嫁接外，其餘皆以平切方式嫁接。結果以套管方式嫁接，嫁接9日後，存活率可達100%最高，透氣膠帶僅25%，存活情況最差。根砧長度、徑寬及接穗長度於各種不同的嫁接方法間並無明顯的差異。接穗寬度則以鐵絲作為嫁接材料時明顯地較其他處理組大。嫁接苗生長14天後之葉面積及地上部鮮重以套管嫁接表現最佳。生殖生長方面，鐵絲嫁接始花天數約42.25天最早，套管嫁接49.25天最晚。始果天數以塑膠刷毛嫁接之53.00天最早，鉛筆芯則為71.00天最晚。評估不同嫁接方式之優劣，套管嫁接具有材料容易取得，並可使傷口密合、保濕性佳的優點，為極具優勢的嫁接方法，可作為自動化嫁接機操作模式之首選。以鐵絲作為嫁接材料，具有材料規格化、生長勢強及早產的優勢，若能增加切口保濕性，提高嫁接存活率，亦可作為自動化嫁接操作模式之參考。

關鍵字

番茄 ； 嫁接方法 ； 套管

並列摘要

To prevent the problems associated with soil-borne diseases and to increase tolerance of environmental stress of tomatoes, grafted seedlings are used commonly in commercial tomato culture in Taiwan. Since grafting is extremely laborious and time consuming, developing automated grafting robots that produce uniform seedlings at lower cost is an important work. The study was to investigate the effect of different grafting methods on the growth of grafted tomato seedlings, and to suggest grafting methods appropriate to automatically operation. Different grafting methods (tube, palm fiber, wire, tape, plastic brush and pencil refill lead) were used to study the effect of grafting methods on the growth of grafted seedlings. According to the results, the survival rate of using tubes was highest (100%), and lowest when using tape (25%) after 9 days of grafting. There was no significant difference in the length and diameter of stocks and the length of scions among different grafting methods. The diameter of scions was largest by using wire. After 14 days of grafting, the leaf area and fresh weight of shoot were higher by using tubes. The number of days for first fruit bearing was shortest by using plastic brush and longest by pencil refill lead. The grafting method of using tube was the best choice for automatically operation in view of easily available material, close contact at the graft interface and keeping higher humidity. Using wire had faster growth rate and early production. If we can keep high humidity of the graft interface and increase the survival rate, wire grafting was also a good method for mechanization.

並列關鍵字

tomato ； grafting methods ； tube