泰國華裔青年之華語語音習得與偏誤分析

The Mandarin Pronunciation Acquisition and Error Analysis in Thai Chinese Youth

梁月美(Kamolwan Noppadolsathan) ； 劉惠美(Huei-Mei Liu)

《臺灣華語教學研究》 14期 (2017/06) Pp. 43-75

https://doi.org/10.29748/TJCSL.201706_(14).0003

摘要

本研究目的在於分析泰國華裔學生在華語語音習得中的偏誤情形，包括習得聲母、聲調發音的偏誤比率和型態，了解泰籍華生在學習華語的語音困難點分布情形及產生偏誤的可能原因。本研究以在台灣學習華語之泰國華裔學生（簡稱泰籍華生）為對象，採單字詞的念讀方式，蒐集泰籍華生的華語聲母、聲調之語音樣本，並讓華語母語者以耳聽知覺的評音方式，判斷個別聲母、聲調的正確率，並加以排序分析其偏誤類型。研究結果顯示，在聲母方面，泰籍華生最常把送氣塞擦音發成擦音，例如ch/tʂ^h/發成sh/ʂ/、q/tɕ^h/發成x/ɕ/，舌尖後濁擦音r/ʐ/發成舌尖中邊音l/l/，舌尖後音發成舌尖前音，zh/tʂ/發成z/ts/，sh/ʂ/發音成s/s/，或者舌面音發成舌尖音，如x/ɕ/發成s/s/。在聲調方面，泰籍華生多數能準確發出華語的四個聲調，惟在陽平發音成去聲的偏誤率較高。期許透過本研究之發音偏誤類型分析、偏誤排序及對泰籍華生之語音教學建議，讓華語教師教授泰籍華生時，能提升其華語語音教學之成效。

關鍵字

泰國學習者 ； 華語學習 ； 第二語言習得 ； 語音產生 ； 偏誤分析

並列摘要

The main purposes of this study are to analyze the error patterns and problems of Mandarin initial consonants and tones for Thai Chinese students, and to examine the possible effects Chinese background can impose on Thai Chinese students in the area of Mandarin pronunciation. The sample participants tested in this study are Thai Chinese students who study Mandarin in Taiwan. Single word reading method is used to collect the data of pronunciation of Mandarin initial consonants and tones from Thai Chinese students. Perceptual judgment technique is used to determine the correct rate of each Mandarin initials and tones and their error patterns. In addition, this study ranks the error type frequency on different Mandarin initials 0and tones, showing a more scientific frequency ranking on Thai Chinese pronunciation. The results show that in terms of consonant pronunciations, the main error patterns for Thai Chinese speakers are their pronunciation of affricative sound to be fricative sound, such as ch/tʂ^h/is pronounced as sh/ʂ/, q/tɕ^h/is pronounced as x/ɕ/, Also, their pronunciation of retroflex sound to pronounce as alveolar sound, such as r/ʐ/ is pronounced as l/l/; retroflex sound to pronounce as alveolar sound, such as zh/tʂ/ is pronounced as z/ts/, sh/ʂ/is pronounced as s/s/; or alveolo-palatal sound to be pronounced as alveolar sound, such as x/ɕ/to pronounced as s/s/. In terms of tones, most Thai Chinese students can accurately pronounce the four Mandarin tones; however there is the slightly higher rate of error in the second tone to be pronounced as fourth tone. Based on this error type analysis and error type ranking, it is hoped that Mandarin teachers will be able to improve the effectiveness of Chinese phonetics teaching when interacting with Thai students with Chinese background.

並列關鍵字

Thai students ； Mandarin Chinese learning ； second language acquisition ； speech production ； error analysis

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