雙語現象下的華語學習策略-以泰國Thapsakae區中的華族後裔為例

Mandarin Learning Strategies of Bilinguals: a Case Study of Ethnic Chinese Descendant in Thapsakae Amphoe, Thailand

洪爾嫺(Er-Hsiang Hung)

指導教授 ： 黃金文

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/華語文教學碩士學位學程/碩士(2018年)

摘要

移民社會的歷史背景因素賦予了語言在「雙語現象」下的發展，例如：筆者在教授文化主題─「新年」時，課程詞彙像อั่งเปา[ʔà? paw]紅包等，即寫作泰語，但發音與閩語(潮州話)高度相似，因此，我們可以說：語言間的「語音相似性」是不會隨著時間完全消散的。換言之，本論文的研究目的即在於藉由文獻探討的梳理，重新釐清「潮州話」在泰國華人社會中，語言變遷與語音特色的定位，進而將語料庫中對比分析的結果，帶入華語「主題式教學」的課堂中，一來觀察此策略對三語習得學習者的影響；二來則是探討教學者如何應用此「音近現象」，協助三語習得學習者建置其內在的語言「鷹架」學習平台。

基於此一前提，本研究首先從泰語和潮州話的音韻系統介紹出發，在「結構性訪談」的原則下，配合Princeton出版的《方言調查手冊》，進行語料詞彙庫的蒐集、分析與建置，進而探究泰國Prachuap Khiri Khan省(巴蜀府)Thapsakae Amphoe(塌沙家區)中的華族後裔，在「雙語現象」的背景下，透過「音近現象」對自我語言遷移後所建立的語言內在學習機制之影響。

本研究的初步實驗結果為：從詞彙對比中的語音特性分析，以及實驗結果的口語成績消長狀況來看，華族後裔的學習者透過既有語音認知系統的內在條件，來喚起舊經驗的學習效果，比非華族後裔的學習者效果更佳。換言之，泰語和潮洲話間確實存在「語音相似」的現象，而當教學者將這樣的「語音相似性」應用進華語教學中的課室活動設計後，華族後裔的學習者便能透過這種語言特質，與學習現象所引發的既有認知，建置出一套學習策略，或改善自己的學習歷程。

關鍵字

雙語現象 ； 華族後裔 ； 華語學習策略 ； 音近相似原則 ； 主題式教學

並列摘要

The historical background factors of immigrant society have given the development of language under the "bilingual phenomenon." For example, when the author teaches the cultural theme - "New Year," the course vocabulary likes อั่งเปา[ʔà? paw] red envelope, etc., that is writing to Thai, but pronounced highly similar to the Min Languages (Teochew), therefore, we can say that the "voice similarity" between languages doesn’t completely dissipate over time. In other words, the purpose of this thesis is to re-define the positioning of "Teochew" in the Chinese society of Thailand in terms of language changes and phonetic features, then, bring the results of comparative analysis in the corpus are brought into the classroom of "Teaching Chinese in multiple ways." On one hand, it observes the influence of this strategy on learners of trilingual acquisition; on the other hand, it explores how teachers can apply this "similar sound phenomenon" to help trilingual learners build their own language "Scaffolding" learning platform.

Based on this premise, this study begins with the introduction of the phonological system of Thai and Teochew. Under the principle of “Structured Interview,” the collection, construction and IPA voice comparison analysis, etc., of vocabulary corpus is carried out in conjunction with the Dialect Survey Manual published by Princeton, to explore Ethic Chinese descendants in Thapsakae Amphoe, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand, in the context of "Bilingual Phenomenon," through the "similar sound phenomenon" influence on the language acquisition device established after the transfer of self-language.

The preliminary experimental results of this study are: from the analysis of speech characteristics in vocabulary comparison, and the data of oral outcomes of experimental results, we find that Ethic Chinese descendants learners evoke the old conditions through the inherent conditions of the existing speech cognitive system, it means the learning effect of experience is better than that of non-Chinese descendants. In other words, there is indeed a phenomenon of "similar sound" between Thai and Teochew. When the teacher applies such "similar sound" to the classroom activities in Chinese classroom, the Ethic Chinese descendants learners can use this linguistic trait and the learning ability caused by the existing cognitive ability, to build learning strategies itself, or even improve their own learning process.

並列關鍵字

Bilinguals ； Ethnic Chinese Descendant ； Mandarin Learning Strategies ； Similar sound principle ； Learning in multiple ways

參考文獻

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Henry Holt, 1914.

Fauconnier, Gilles and Mark Turner. The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending

and the Mind’s Hidden Complexities. New York: Basic Books, 2002.