中國“市場社會主義”電視媒體的探索

Is It Legitimate to Imagine China's TV as Socialist? The State, the Media and 'Market Socialism' in China

馮建三(Chien-San Feng)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 56期 (2004/12) Pp. 93-131

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200412.0003

摘要

扼要檢討歐洲與中國的「市場社會主義」及其與電視關係之論述後，作者接著釐清中國的「國家」性質。然後，本文斟酌此國家對電視的規範，究竟是否分別滿足了「市場社會主義」之媒體宣稱的「經濟」與「政治」要求。實料雖然不完整，但中國優勢電視部門（特別是中央電視台）的很大部分之寡佔租金，確實是作為擴張服務或偏遠地區傳媒基層設施的整建之用，顯見若僅從經濟資源的重分配角度視之，中國政府對電視的管制，尚稱有效，也就不能說是完全背離了市場社會主義的經濟原則。就政治層面來說，中國政府對異議的容忍度，距離社會主義媒體應有的表現，仍然很遠，惟若僅將中國斷定為威權專制國家，雖非錯誤，似仍有不足，比如，官方對「輿論監瞥」的強調及公民的順勢爭取，是言論自向仍大有缺陷的中國媒體，略可發揮「黨國合共領域」角色的依據。中國亟待推動媒體等言論除罪化的改革措施，惟不必包括引入合法的和有媒體。

關鍵字

國家 ； 市場社會主義 ； 中國的電視經濟 ； 公共領域 ； 私有產權

並列摘要

This paper puts forward a polemical questioning of whether it is still possible to imagine or construct China's media as socialist, or if the potential for bringing out a socialist media order in China has been exhausted. Some data, however insufficient, is presented to argue that, economically, the Chinese media has not yet totally failed its 'truth claim' of market socialism in China. For example, the taxation policy on broadcasting is used to raise revenue from the richer regions of China that is partly transferred to help improve the infrastructure and services available in the poor, remote and rural areas. Athough further reforms are required, China does not need to make its media ownership policy 'clearer' lest the policy becomes another method for legitimating private ownership. Issues related to the 'public sphere' under party-state control are also examined and it is demonstrated that there has been a rise in citizen involvement in the public controversy. The paper concludes it is not inevitable that Chinese media will develop into full market capitalism.

並列關鍵字

state ； market socialism ； China's TV economics ； public sphere ； private ownership

參考文獻

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