Poliomyelitis (polio), it is the effect of the poliovirus damages motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord resulting in lower motor neuron weakness or paralysis. Postpolio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that affects polio survivor 10 to 20 years later after recovered from an initial acute attack of the poliovirus. Symptoms include new or increased muscular weakness, oath in the muscles and fatigue. In this paper the pathology of poliomyelitis and post-polio syndrome, the clinical diagnostic standards, management and treatment of PPS patients were summarized. In addition, the medical imaging findings were also reviewed.