達里歐〈船夫〉敘事結構

A Structural Narrative Analysis on Rubén Darío's ＂El Fardo＂

杜孝捷(Alicia Torres)

《文化越界》 1卷11期 (2014/03) Pp. 93-112

https://doi.org/10.30405/CCS.201403_1(11).0005

摘要

尼加拉瓜詩人魯本‧達里歐（Rubén Darío）於1887年4月15日在智利首都聖地亞哥（Santiago）發行的《藝術與語言》雜誌上發表的短篇〈船夫〉是一篇作者用以反映現實社會問題的故事。〈船夫〉是作者旅居智利期間所寫下的故事之一，作品首次發表僅僅兩週之後，該作又於4月30日獲《時代》刊登，並收錄於隔年7月30日出版的《藍》詩集中，顯見該作品的重要性。本篇論文將分析〈船夫〉的敘事結構，從「怎麼說」與「說什麼」的思路切入研究，採用結構主義的敘事學理論，作為研究的方法論。透過法國敘事學者熱拉爾‧熱奈特（Gérard Genette）的敘述學理論來分析本敘事作品的敘事結構。其次，再透過法國符號學家羅蘭‧巴特（RolandBarthes），在其重要短篇論文〈敘事結構分析導論〉中提出的描述層次，即功能層、行動層及敘事作用層，來分析與呈現〈船夫〉的「意蘊」，藉由結構主義的敘事學理論，帶領我們進入到作品的深處，同時亦為我們提供另一條閱讀與理解〈船夫〉的路徑與角度。

關鍵字

魯本‧達里歐 ； 熱拉爾‧熱奈特 ； 羅蘭‧巴特 ； 船夫 ； 敘事學

並列摘要

This paper will focus on the narrative structure and offer a structural analysis of the Nicaraguan poet Rubén Darío's ＂El Fardo.＂ ＂El Fardo＂ was one of the stories Darío wrote during his stay in Chile. It is a story reflecting the social problems and human struggles. ＂El Fardo＂ was Darío's first short stories published on La Revista de Artes y Letras on April 15th, 1887 in Chile. Two weeks later on April 30th, the story was reprinted in La Época, and eventually collected in his poetry collection Azul published in July, 1888. The analysis begins by examining narrative issues on methods of how to narrate and what to narrate and is supported by a series of the structural narrative analysis. In the process of analysis, important concepts in Gérard Genette's narratology are examined with the narrations of the text. The analysis then moves on with an examination of Roland Barthes's important work on the narrative analysis, ＂Introduction to the Structural Analysis of Narratives,＂ in order to reveal the meaning of ＂El Fardo＂ with dimensions of functions, actions, and narration of the narrative. Through this structural narrative analysis, an access to the deeper, if not hidden meaning of ＂El Fardo,＂ is intended to be revealed.

並列關鍵字

＂El Fardo＂ ； Rubén Darío ； Gérard Genette ； Roland Barthes ； narratology