The May Fourth Movement of 1919 was one of the most important student and popular movements in modern Chinese history. The promotion of democracy and science are two of the main stated objectives associated with this milestone event. However, it was very difficult to pursue these two goals, especially to establish constitutionalism and liberal democracy, given the Chinese political ecosystem. In this article, we investigate the role of civil society and its interactions with political society in Taiwan. We will analyze its significance in strengthening and weakening democratic transitions during the past four decades. We also note how one of the main objectives of the May Fourth Movement remains unrealized.