游離輻射暴露對孩童成長影響之探討

The Effects of Excessive Radiation Exposure on the Growth of Children

王蓉君(Jung-Chun Wang) ； 張武修(Wushou P. Chang) ； 王榮德(Jung-Der Wang)

《中華公共衛生雜誌》 18卷1期 (1999/02) Pp. 3-12

https://doi.org/10.6288/CJPH1999-18-01-02

摘要

長期低劑量游離輻射暴露是否會造成各類健康影響，非常值得我們探討。有鑑於此，本文回顧綜述近一世紀以來有關游離輻射對孩童成長影響的研究。動物實驗極早即發現骨骼成長遲滯的現象與輻射劑量的高低和實驗動物的年齡呈明顯的相關。人體接受異常輻射暴露後所造成負面的生長影響，在廣島、長崎原爆暴露，以及罹患癌症兒童接受放射性治療存活者身上獲得證實；且發現暴露時間越早，效應越大。造成此效應之兩種可能機轉為：輻射直接對骨骼生長的抑制，同時亦可能抑制部分內分泌系統，進而抑制了正常的生長。

關鍵字

游離輻射 ； 孩童成長 ； 機制 ； 骨骼生長板 ； 內分泌

並列摘要

This article reviews studies done in the 1900's related to the physical growth of children exposed to radiation. Many animal studies have demonstrated strong correlations between bone growth and both the dose of radiation and age at radiation exposure. Human population studies come mainly from survivors of the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki and from children who have received radiotherapy, which also show evidence of inhibition of physical growth. Radiation exposure at a younger age had a greater impact on growth. There are two possible mechanisms for this effect: inhibition of epiphyseal plate growth, or impairment of endocrine organs due to radiation exposure. Although most studies were conducted after a large radiation dosage, they can still provide some guidance for conducting studies in populations at lower exposure levels.

並列關鍵字

ionizing radiation ； children growth ； mechanism ； epiphyseal plate ； endocrine