細懸浮微粒（PM_(2.5)）自2006年到2016年在台灣的時空趨勢

Spatiotemporal trend of fine particulate matter 2.5 μm in Taiwan from 2006-2016

鄭永鴻(Yung-Hung Cheng) ； 吳佩儒(Pei-Ju Wu) ； 鄭意儒(I-Ju Cheng) ； 莫之欣(Chih-Hsin Mou) ； 藍郁青(Yu-Ching Lan) ； 謝顯堂(Dennis P. H. Hsieh) ； 蔡善璞(Shan-Pou Tsai) ； 陳昭文(Chao-Wen Chen) ； 溫啟邦(Chi-Pang Wen) ； 宋鴻樟(Fung-Chang Sung)

《台灣公共衛生雜誌》 37卷6期 (2018/12) Pp. 686-695

https://doi.org/10.6288/TJPH.201812_37(6).107101

摘要

目標：空氣污染在最近再受到重視，尤其是細懸浮微粒（PM_(2.5)）及其發生源格外引起關切。本研究利用行政院環境保護署自2006年到2016年的監測資料比較工業測站和非工業測站歷年的PM_(2.5)變化趨勢。方法：我們自行政院環境保護署網站下載歷年各空品測站之逐小時監測資料，選擇有工業測站的苗栗、彰化、雲林和高雄地區，計算各類型測站PM_(2.5)的平均濃度，觀察每三年的變化，和繪成編年趨勢，比較工業測站和非工業測站測定值的差別，我們也分別繪製2016年各地各測站合計的月平均測值，觀察季節變化。結果：這四個地區，各測站的PM_(2.5)平均值均逐年下降（p≦0.001）。測定最大值最小值的差異大，可達100倍。在苗栗地區，頭份工業測站的監測數值由29.6 mg/m^3下降到18.2 mg/m^3，和非工業測站的數值相當。雲林和彰化工業測站的平均值則比非工業測站平均值較低。高雄地區有12個測站，工業測站的平均PM_(2.5)較其他類型測站平均值在前幾年較高，到2016年則下降較速，稍低於所有非工業測站的平均值。分析2016年四地區逐月平均值顯示，各地的PM_(2.5)夏季月份平均值遠低於冬、春月份的平均值。結論：各空品測站的PM_(2.5)逐年下降，工業區的PM_(2.5)排放未必高於交通排放或一般測站的測定值，下降幅度相當，期盼持續下降達到15 μg/m^3的標準或以下。

關鍵字

細懸浮微粒 ； 歷年趨勢 ； 工業站 ； 一般站

並列摘要

Objectives: Air pollution has recently received renewed attention, particularly on the fine particulate matter of 2.5 μm (PM_(2.5)) and on sources that generate the pollutant. This study used the air pollution data monitored by the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) of Executive Yuan to calculate the temporal trends of PM_(2.5) monitored from 2006-2016 and to compare levels between industry stations and non-industry stations. Methods: We obtained the EPA data and selected MiaoLi, Changhua, Yunlin and Kaohsiung areas to calculate mean PM_(2.5) levels over three 3-year and one 2-year time spans from 2006-2016, and plotted annual mean values for the same period. The temporal trends were compared between industry stations and non-industry stations for each area. Monthly means of all stations in each area in 2016 were also reported to observe the seasonal variations for the 4 areas. Results: The temporal trends of mean PM_(2.5) levels declined among all types of monitoring station with the maximum level could be up to 100-fold higher than the minimum level. At an industrial monitoring station of the MiaoLi area, the mean PM_(2.5) declined from 29.6 mg/m^3 in 2006 to 18.2 mg/m^3 in 2016, which were approximately similar to the corresponding mean levels estimated at two non-industry stations. The mean levels monitored at industrial stations were lower than that at non-industry stations in Changhua and Yunlin areas. Among 12 monitoring stations in the Kaohsiung area, the annual mean PM_(2.5) levels were greater at the industrial station than the respective means at 11 non-industrial stations, but declined rapidly to a slightly lower level in 2016. Monthly mean levels in 2016 showed that the PM_(2.5) levels were lower in summer months than in spring and winter months in all 4 areas. Conclusions: The PM_(2.5) levels were in declining trend in all areas in Taiwan. The effective mitigation of PM_(2.5) in industrial areas is comparable to that in non-industrial areas. We can probably expect to see it will soon reduce to the standard of 15 μg/m^3 or lower.

並列關鍵字

PM_(2.5) ； annual trend ； industrial station ； non-industrial station

參考文獻

聯合新聞網：國衛院本土研究 中南部PM2.5急需控制。https://udn.com/news/story/113 19/2897688。引用2018/01/28。Udn.com. According to the research conducted by National Health Research Institutes, PM2.5 levels in the central and southern regions of Taiwan require immediate control. Available at: https://udn.com/news/story/113 19/2897688. Accessed January 28, 2018. [In Chinese]

自由時報電子報：國衛院 PM2.5對老人小孩健康影響大 中南部急需處理。http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/li fe/breakingnews/2294997。引用2018/01/28。Liberty Time Net. The National Health Research Institutes highlights the negative effects of PM2.5 exposure on the health of older adults and children. Available at: http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/li fe/breakingnews/2294997. Accessed January 28, 2018. [In Chinese]

中時電子報：今年最後一天高雄空汙PM 2.5全紫爆 地標85大樓幾乎消失。http://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20171231003228-260405。引用2018/01/28。Chinatimes.com. A code purple alert issued on the last day of the year: the view of 85 Sky Tower obscured as Kaohsiung blanketed by air pollutants. Available at: http://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20171231003228-260405. Accessed January 28, 2018. [In Chinese]

Cohen, AJ,Ross, Anderson, H,Ostro, B(2015).The global burden of disease due to outdoor air pollution.J Toxicol Environ Part A.68,1301-7.

Turner, MC,Krewski, D,Pope, CA, 3rd,Chen, Y,Gapstur, SM,Thun, MJ(2011).Long-term ambient fine particulate matter air pollution and lung cancer in a large cohort of never-smokers.Am J Respir Crit Care Med.184,1374-81.