高／低技術勞工工資差異與勞動結構變遷

在經濟成長的過程中，高技術勞工的人數占比與高、低技術勞工的工資差異均與經濟發展的程度呈正相關。同時，先進國家的資料顯示，勞動等經濟資源會隨著經濟成長自低技術密集的生產部門移轉至高技術密集的生產部門。本研究建構一個兩部門的結構移轉模型，並於其中引入技術累積方程式；藉此，模型中的高、低技術勞動比例為內生決定。我們由模型推論出，生產力提升透過對「高、低技術勞工的工資差異」的影響，加快（減緩）由其帶動的高（低）技術勞工的結構變遷。此外，福利分析的結果指出，以促進技術累積為目標的補貼性政策不一定有助於提高社會福址。

關鍵字

經濟發展；結構移轉的推拉假說；勞動結構變遷；技術累積；技術結構變遷；技術溢酬；結構移轉；福利分析

並列摘要

The simultaneous increase in the high-skilled to low-skilled labor ratio and the skill wage premium is one of the most salient features of economic growth. Meanwhile, the technological improvement in advanced economies accompanies a sectoral shift from low to high skill intensive sector. In this paper, we develop a two-sector structural transformation model in which skill accumulation is endogenously determined. Our model predicts that the ``skill wage premium mechanism" encourages (hinders) the sectoral reallocation of the high- (low-) skilled workers. We also show that policies that aim to encourage skill accumulation may or may not improve welfare.

並列關鍵字

push pull hypothesis ； sectoral labor shift ； skill accumulation ； skill-biased structural change skill premium ； structural transformation ； welfare analysis

參考文獻

1. Acemoglu, D., & Guerrieri, V. (2008). Capital deepening and nonbalanced economic growth. Journal of political Economy, 116(3), 467–498.

2. Alvarez-Cuadrado, F., & Poschke, M. (2011). Structural change out of agriculture: Labor push versus labor pull. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 3(3), 127–158.

3. Buera, F. J., Kaboski, J. P., & Rogerson, R. (2015). Skill biased structural change (Working Paper No. 21165). National Bureau of Economic Research.

4. Caselli, F., & Coleman II, W. J. (2001). The us structural transformation and regional convergence: A reinterpretation. Journal of political Economy, 109(3), 584–616.

5. Echevarria, C. (1997). Changes in sectoral composition associated with economic growth. International economic review, 431–452.

國際替代計量

高／低技術勞工工資差異與勞動結構變遷

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